Since the health status is known before the exposure is determined, the study doesn't allow for broader-based health assessments, because only one type of disease has been selected for study. Because prospective studies are designed with specific data collection methods, it has the advantage of being tailored to collect specific exposure data and may be more complete. Advantages. It is any research with a defined numerator, which describes, quantifies, and postulates causal mechanisms for health phenomena. Epidemiology - Epidemiology - Sources of epidemiological data: Epidemiologists use primary and secondary data sources to calculate rates and conduct studies. CLASSIFICATION 3 4. One of the disadvantages of cohort studies is that they are more prone to selection bias. Cohort studies are subject to very low recall bias, and multiple outcomes can be studied simultaneously. The disadvantage of a prospective cohort study may be the long follow-up period while waiting for events or diseases to occur. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES 1 2. The major disadvantage of case-control studies is the inverse direction of the exposure data, as it is collected from cases who were recruited because of their disease and are aware of their disease. ): Cohort studies more clearly indicate the temporal sequence between exposure and outcome, because in a cohort study, subjects are known to be disease-free at the beginning of the observation period when their exposure status is established. A third possible measure is the ‘incidence … 9 Perhaps the most common measure is the person–time ‘incidence rate’; a second measure is the ‘incidence proportion’ (average risk), which is the proportion of study subjects who experience the outcome of interest at any time during the follow-up period. The following table lists some of the major advantages and drawbacks of cohort and case-control studies and can serve as a quick guide for choice of research strategy. OUTLINE Classification of studies Study Designs and analysis Choice of study design 2 3. Three measures of disease occurrence are commonly used in incidence studies. Major disadvantages of Case Studies - Anecdotal & idiosyncratic - there's no way to know if this case is a fluke -provides no reference group or population for comparison so there's no … CLASSIFICATION Various ways BUT, two major classes Non-Interventional Interventional 4 5. Cohort studies. Epidemiology studies are conducted using human populations to evaluate whether there is a correlation or causal relationship between exposure to a substance and adverse health effects.. The key feature of analytic epidemiology is a comparison group. epidemiological studies; Epidemiology underpins good clinical research. Consider a large outbreak of hepatitis A that occurred in Pennsylvania in 2003. One primary disadvantage of a case-control study is a greater potential for bias. Other important types of epidemiological studies mainly for generating hypotheses include cross-sectional and ecological, or correlation studies. 1. These studies differ from clinical investigations in that individuals have already been administered the drug during medical treatment or have been exposed to it in the workplace or environment. Cross-Sectional Studies Primary data is the original data collected for a specific purpose by or for an investigator. Clarity of Temporal Sequence (Did the exposure precede the outcome? Studying rare diseases and outcomes that have long follow-up periods can be very expensive and time-consuming using cohort studies. 1 Epidemiology gives insight into the natural history and causes of disease and can provide evidence to help prevent occurrence of disease.
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