Fortitude / Bravery. Honesty, courage, compassion, generosity, fidelity, integrity, fairness, self-control, and prudence are all examples of virtues. on a battlefield) Involves how much we let fear restrict or modify our actions. b. The virtue of choosing the midpoint between excess and defect in action. The corresponding vice of excess is vanity; the corresponding vice of deficiency is pusillanimity (literally: "having a small soul").There is also a virtue analogous to magnanimity but concerned with small honors—just as generosity is concerned with small expenditures and magnificence with large ones.. Simply put, magnificence is the virtue of spending large sums of money in order to bring grand things into the world. In Nicomachean Ethics Aristotle discusses eleven virtues: courage, temperance, generosity, magnificence, magnanimity, right ambition, good temper, friendliness, truthfulness, wit, and justice. Prudence. Equilibrium; The Godly Medium; The Immaculate Virtue; The Principle of Moderation; 12. on a battlefield) Involves how much we let fear restrict or modify our actions. What is the excess of the virtue of generosity? 2. What is the 30% limit on charitable contributions? Within the many examples that Aristotle provides are bravery, generosity, and magnificence. The tendency to accept too much and give too little is stinginess. Lists of the virtues. Faith. Another comparable triad is: Lewdness, Chastity and Victorianism. 2. . Thus courage is the middle path or 'mean' between cowardice (deficiency) and rashness (excess); generosity is the mean between meanness (deficiency) and profligacy (excess)." signifies the orientation of one's entire life toward God. Generosity or Liberality - is moderation in the size of the gifts one is prone to give or accept. For example courage, a virtue, if taken to excess would manifest as recklessness and if deficient as cowardice. c. Deon. Therefore virtue is a kind of mean, since, as we have seen, it aims at what is intermediate… Aristotle's full list of virtues include pride, generosity, magnificence, anger, truth and indignation. Summary. You'll see that this week as we concentrate on the virtue of generosity (also known as liberality.) Example: bravery (e.g. It states that practicing good habits such as honesty, generosity makes a moral and virtuous person. Aristotle describes a virtue as a "mean" or "intermediate" between two extremes: one of excess and one of deficiency. What is the excess of the virtue of generosity? Deficie. 300. What does living out God's call to holiness do to us? 5. What is the virtue that lies between the vices of cowardice and rashness? What are the 12 vices? Aristotle, on the other hand, defined virtue as a "golden mean," the more or less middle-of-the-road area between deficiency and excess of any given trait. What is generosity? It guides a person without specific rules for resolving the ethical complexity. It is the exercise of virtue. It is the exercise of virtue. The deficiency of this state of character is called . Aristotle also argues that three types of argument convince: pathos, logos, and ethos. Liberality - spending. Truth is the highest virtue, but higher still is truthful living. What is the highest virtue according to Aristotle? Aristotle argues that each moral virtue is a sort of mean lying between two extremes. For general help, questions, and suggestions, try our dedicated support forums. If you're having any problems, or would like to give some feedback, we'd love to hear from you. Truthfulness, Friendliness, and Generosity The virtue of truthfulness lies between two extremes, excess of being too honest, and a deficiency of deceit. A whole cluster of important human virtues—empathy, compassion, kindness, generosity, service, loyalty, patriotism (love of what is noble in one's country), and forgiveness—make up the virtue of love. In other words, it is a behavior that shows high moral standards: doing what is right and avoiding what is wrong. Rachels, Chap 12: The Ethics of Virtue. Faith is an infused virtue, by which the intellect is perfected by a supernatural light, in virtue of which, under a supernatural movement of the will, it assents firmly to the supernatural truths of Revelation, not on the motive of intrinsic evidence, but on the sole ground of the infallible authority of God revealing. On Virtues and Vices. This midpoint is determined by reason guided by the intellectual virtue of prudence. Every virtue has two opposing kinds of vices on either side, virtue being the golden mean. d. Akrasia. Pride (Latin: superbia) is considered, on almost every list . Or to take another example, the virtue of generosity lies between the deficiency of meanness and the excess of profligacy. Aristotle's 12 virtues: Courage - bravery. at one end is excess, at the other deficiency. Aristotle's 12 virtues are a great checklist to understand the different morals, values, and virtues that you could cultivate or restrain in your life. For example, the virtue of generosity is somewhere between stinginess, an unwillingness or reluctance to give in situations where giving is appropriate, and prodigality, unreasonably giving too much. If you need to contact the Course-Notes.Org web experience team, please use our contact form. • Generosity lies between wastefulness and meanness b. Telos. The lie would maximize the general . VIRTUES & VICES. the magnificent man is liberal, but the liberal man is not necessarily magnificent. Bravery is the mean or intermediate between cowardliness and rashness. He provides many examples of virtues that shape the way for us to achieve that ultimate goal we all look for called ' happiness '. Generosity (also called largess) is the virtue of being liberal in giving, often as gifts. Aristotle was the first to publish a comprehensive work on the subject of virtue known as Nicomachean Ethics. The Golden mean is a vital facet of Aristotle's' virtue theory so it is important that it is understood and can be easily applied to any question. Friendliness - is moderation in the desire to please others generally. It's like an ancient Greek personality test. The theological virtues are three, viz. Generosity, or liberality, is the mean when it comes to wealth, which is defined as anything that has its value measured by money. The term "virtue" is not exclusively a technical term, but it is also not used much in everyday language. A virtue is a trait or quality that is deemed to be morally good and thus is valued as a foundation of principle and good moral being. Objection 1: Moral (moralis) virtue takes its name from mos, i.e., custom (consuetudo). This virtuehowever, does not come naturally; generosity can arise through habit and takes experience as well as time. What is the Latin word from which Deontological Ethics was derived? Aristotle says the mean for giving and taking money is generosity. Are all virtues moral virtues? Wittiness - is moderation in the desire to amuse others. He also makes a sweeping statement that of all the virtues, generosity is unique in being the most praised— and even loved—saying: "Of all those who act on the basis of virtue, liberal human beings are perhaps loved most, for they are advantageous to others, and this consists in giving." Virtue Ethics; 11. What three gifts from God set us apart from the rest of his Creatures? Virtues are the essence of our character and character does indeed determine destiny. He also makes a sweeping statement that of all the virtues, generosity is unique in being the most praised— and even loved—saying: "Of all those who act on the basis of virtue, liberal human beings are perhaps loved most, for they are advantageous to others, and this consists in giving." Friendliness - social IQ. Aristotle argued that deficiency or . These virtues involve striking a balance or "mean" between an excess and a deficiency. Aristotle also argues that three types of argument convince: pathos, logos, and ethos. Moderation in all things, including moderation: Aristotle was clear that too much (excess) of any virtue is just as bad as lack (deficiency). Virtues are basically positive character traits, such as honesty and generosity. Happiness depends on acquiring a moral character, where one displays the virtues of courage, generosity, justice, friendship, and citizenship in one's life. THE KEY VIRTUES Aristotle maintains that six other virtues are bounded by the two vices, one a vice of excess and one of deficiency. What are the two kinds of virtue according to Aristotle? a. In Aristotle's philosophy, virtue is a state of being, "a state apt to exercise deliberate choice, being in the relative mean, determined by reason, and as the person of practical wisdom would determine.". Honesty, courage, compassion, generosity, fidelity, integrity, fairness, self-control, and prudence are all examples of virtues. Now virtue is concerned with passions and actions, in which excess is a form of failure, and so is defect, while the intermediate is praised and is a form of success; and being praised and being successful are both characteristics of virtue. Objection 1: Moral (moralis) virtue takes its name from mos, i.e., custom (consuetudo). Acceptance Assertiveness Authenticity Beauty Caring Cleanliness Commitment Compassion Confidence Consideration Contentment Cooperation . Prodigality. Rational Intellect 3. Truthfulness - is what Aristotle called moderation in one's presentation of oneself, with boastfulness as the excess and self-deprecation as the deficiency. Virtues are basically positive character traits, such as honesty and generosity. Generosity is regarded as a virtue by various world religions, and is often celebrated in cultural and religious ceremonies. 300. or generosity, and Magnanimity or greatness of spirit. A really great man is known by three signs… generosity in the design, humanity in the execution, moderation in success. The mean here will generally fluctuate depending on the individual but, for most of us, the mean will fall closer to the defect than the excess. Questions about character (as opposed to conduct/acts) Patience; Courage; Generosity; Forgiveness; 13. d. Wastefulness. Are all virtues moral virtues? Pathos involves emotional feeling and commitment (we get our English word "pathetic" from this . Most Filipinos are tightly knit extended families. What is moral virtue in simple words? If reasons other than generosity can motivate magnificent action, the case that magnificence is a specification of generosity is at least weakened, and traction can be gained for the notion that magnificence is a separate virtue in its own right. (The opposite of a virtue is a vice. VIRTUE ETHICS VERSUS OTHER TYPES OF ETHICS (ETHICS OF DUTY/RIGHT ACTION) 1. extremes and virtues for generosity and truthfulness-generosity the deficiency is stingy and the vice was spend thrift-truthfulness the deficiency is dishonest and the vice was excess. It's like an ancient Greek personality test. Aristotle famously conceives of virtue as a mean between an excess and a lack of the virtuous quality in question (locating fortitude, for instance, between rashness and cowardice); in medieval philosophy, both sorts of moral defects are usually called vices (vitia). Summary Aristotle defined virtue as the desirable middle ground between two extremes, the Golden Mean. Otto von Bismarck According to Plato, a person who has the virtue of moderation subordinates the desire for pleasure to the dictates of reason. "A virtue is the middle path between opposing vices, one of deficiency and the other of excess. The excesses and defects are prodigality (wasteful spending, lavishness, extravagance) and meanness (being stingy). c. Meanness. Good temper - is moderation in one's proneness to anger. The more we recognize the potential impact that practicing virtues can have on our lives, the more our lives open up to new possibilities and to greater joy and fulfillment. the magnificent man is liberal, but the liberal man is not necessarily magnificent. Virtue is moral excellence. Stinginess. Outgoing & interactive: Most Pinoys are able to get along with anybody. This is one of those virtues that will be out of many people's reach for a long time. Aristotle Aristotle directly addresses the idea of generosity in his Ethics. Aristotle defines moral virtue as a disposition to behave in the right manner and as a mean between extremes of deficiency and excess, which are vices. What are the virtues in virtue ethics? Virtue theory has its historical roots in the work of . [9] For example, in the sphere of "getting and spending", "charity" is the virtuous mean (the balance) between "greed" and "wasteful extravagance". Excess vice - Mean - Deficiency vice Rashness - Courage - Cowardice Licentiousness - Temperance - Insensibility Prodigality - Liberality - Illiberality Vulgarity - Generosity - Pettiness Vanity - Pride/High-mindedness - Humility Over ambition - Proper ambition - Lack of ambition Boastfulness - Truthfulness - Understatement Irascibility - Patience - Lack of spirit Buffoonery - Wittiness . A virtue is a behavior or character trait that is consistent with who we ultimately want to be. That moral virtue is a mean, then, and in what sense it is so, and that it is a mean between two vices, the one involving excess, the other deficiency, and that it is such because its character is to aim at what is intermediate in passions and in actions, has been sufficiently stated. What is mean and how is it related to virtue? Aristotle's Ethical Doctrine of the Mean measured personal virtues on a scale that included the virtue itself, the excess of it, and the deficiency of it. Generosity. Happiness depends on acquiring a moral character, where one displays the virtues of courage, generosity, justice, friendship, and citizenship in one's life. Vices are negative character traits like dishonesty and greed.) Family orientated. What is virtue and vice According to Aristotle? Simply put, magnificence is the virtue of spending large sums of money in order to bring grand things into the world. What is the perfect midway between the vices of deficiency and excess? On one side there is a vice which is a spiritual poverty and on the other side one that is a false ideal. 1. They enable us to pursue the ideals we have adopted. None of the above. One extreme involves a deficiency of the virtue in question, the other extreme involves possessing it to excess. Honesty, courage, compassion, generosity, fidelity, integrity, fairness, self-control, and prudence are all examples of virtues. These virtues involve striking a balance or "mean" between an excess and a deficiency. The reason for this is simple. Aristotle describes a virtue as a "mean" or "intermediate" between two extremes: one of excess and one of deficiency. Virtue: generosity Deficiency: Stinginess ungenerosity Excess: spend thriftiness, waste full. Patience - temper, calm. Magnanimity - generosity. faith, hope, and charity.. There are two kinds of virtue: intellectual and moral. Too little generosity = stinginess; too much generosity = extravagance." Excess desire is buffoonery, and deficient desire is boorishness. This is a sort of moderation or temperance, where one aims at the middle to achieve the goal.
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