Ethos: Definition, Useful Examples of Ethos in Spoken Language & Literature 7ESL . Wisconsin Senator Joseph McCarthy delivered the following speech in Wheeling, West Virginia on February 20th, 1950. The Enemies From Within Speech delivered at Wheeling, West Virginia in 1950 by Senator Joseph McCarthy focused on worsening that national fear. If that is the case, they would certainly need to understand the three modes of persuasion, also commonly known as the three rhetorical appeals: ethos, pathos, and logos. Pathos is an appeal to emotion to persuade an audience of something. Hence, the smallest display of failure or mistrust on one side meant a great advantage for the other. This is glaringly true in the State Department. In other words, this is the beginning of McCarthy turning Americans against each other. Save time lesson planning by exploring our library of educator reviews to over 550,000 open educational resources (OER). He created and developed a period of negativity in his time as a senator. McCarthyism was a result of American fear of communism in the 1950s. For example, a military officer proudly wearing their uniform bedecked with medals will go a long way to establishing ethos without them saying a single word. I strongly agree with Roberts claim. Then after the video, work in groups to come up with a good example for each one to share with the whole class. "Enemies from Within": Senator Joseph R. McCarthy's Accusations of Disloyalty. As a mode of persuasion and rhetorical appeal, logos is often referred to as the appeal to reason. If a speaker or author is relying on logos, they are typically reciting facts or providing data and statistics that support their argument. When it comes to pathos, any and all emotions are on the table: sadness, fear, hope, joy, anger, lust, pity, etc. Logos can be effective in arguments because, in theory, it is impossible to argue against truth and facts. If you want to make your public speaking more compelling, looking into these three pillars is valuable in convincing your audience to hear your message. Dr. The use of Pathos in this speech are used in a way that affects everyone's emotions do to the attack on Oahu, Hawaii. Ulysses to Achilles, The Iliad by Homer. He talks about the Founding Fathers and how they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir. He as well references the Emancipation Proclamation and how it was a great beacon light of hope for African Americans. Aristotle used these three concepts in his explanations of rhetoric, orthe art of influencing the thought and conduct of an audience. This mass fear of communism ruined peoples lives and made them turn against their own family and friends. Depict these examples in a storyboard with appropriate and accurate art content. . To successfully give a persuasive presentation, you must look to master these three pillars of persuasive speech: Ethos: the ethical appeal; your authority, credibility, and character. a list of names that were made known to the Secretary of State as being members of the Communist Party and who nevertheless are still working and shaping policy in the State Department. The senator claimed to possess a list of known communists within the state department. According to the article A Decade of Fear by Sam Roberts it states, As his fame and power grew, so did his anti-Communist fervor. For instance, he compares Blacks to "a nation of sheep" being led astray by a "jackass" (the White establishment). Some modern scholars may also use terms mythos and kairos when discussing modes of persuasion or rhetoric in general. Woman vs. Women: Whats The Difference? Make the effort to show that you are part of the group and that your message heeds listening to. Going further, a speaker that presents a lot of supporting evidence and data to the audience is likely to come across as knowledgeable and someone to be listened to, which earns bonus points in ethos as well. each of the three types of appeals, ethos, logos, and pathos. Students may then assess the efficacy of these methods in a piece of writing, speech, or letter. Russias gain of power throughout Eurasia showed off the USSRs strength and abilities, threatening the Western Powers. As you probably know from your own life, emotions are a powerful motivating factor. Its not enough that you have the credentials or the expertise to talk about the subject, but you need to translate this by building trust and rapport with your audience. Lack of control over grammar, mechanics, and spelling reflect a lack of proofreading. The Top 41 Rhetorical Devices That Will Make Your Words Memorable, Master The Art Of Writing With These Top Literary Devices And Examples. . If the context allows, effective visual aids are powerful in making sure your audience grasps the message. The Crucible reveals the similarities between The Salem Witch Trials of the 1690s and McCarthyism of the 1950s because it demonstrates how a society can be tremendously impacted by the feeling the fear. They believed anything that was said and blindly followed people who were in political power without any basis of evidence. . . Ethos, pathos, and logos can all be employed to deliver compelling and persuasive arguments or to win over an audience. You must do ample research and information gathering, not only about your topic but also about your audience. Ladies and gentlemen, tonight as we celebrate the one hundred forty-first birthday of one of the greatest men in American history, I would like to be able to talk about what a glorious day today is in the history of the world. In it, King uses rhetoric to appeal to his audience's emotions, values, and logic. He focused more on manipulating his audiences feelings, rather inserting logic or credibility. Some of you have come fresh from narrow jail cells. Across the recent decades of the United States, the country has been dependent on Capitalism. . Pathos is a form of persuasion from somebody's emotional side. An all-in-one learning object repository and curriculum management platform that combines Lesson Planets library of educator-reviews to open educational resources with district materials and district-licensed publisher content. Ideas may be disorganized or misplaced. He talks about how African Americans have been seared in the flames of withering injustice and how they are still not free even 100 years after the Emancipation Proclamation. Without this grounding, youre setting yourself up to blindly create strategies that are not targeted to your listeners. Ideas are mostly organized. President Johnson has credibility in his . If youre asking for donations for a sick patient, induce pity and hope. As the famous Roman orator Cicero explained, this step is called Invention, the discovery and development of the arguments that govern your message. 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Here's an example of pathos in the speech given: "The attack yesterday on the Hawaiian islands has caused severe damage to American naval and military forces. i. Unlisted storyboards can be shared via a link, but otherwise will remain hidden. Dr. King delivered this famous speech on August 28, 1963 at the March on Washington in Washington, D.C. Each version of Storyboard That has a different privacy and security model that is tailored for the expected usage. McCarthy manipulated the media, told outrageous stories about the communist conspiracy in the United States, and used his power and Americas fear to besmirch any opponents as communist sympathizers to make sure he remained at the top. . Want to level-up your instruction with CommonLit? Senator Joseph McCarthy was a merciless politician who would be censured by the Senate in 1954 for his false accusations. Arthur Millers main purpose in writing The Crucible was to show the similarities between the Salem Witch Trials and the McCarthy Trials and to warn against government propaganda. Citizens lost respect and trust in the government and other civilians, due to several threats within the country and worldwide. A State Department spokesman promptly denied this, claiming that there is not a single Communist in the Department. Failure on your part will label the Democratic Party of being the bedfellow of international communism. He also asked the Justice Department to compile an official list of 78 subversive organizations. In other words, these are the three essential qualities that your speech or presentation must have before your audience will accept your message. The ELA Common Core Standards, in high school, require students to improve their formal writing abilities by producing well-thought-out essays and arguments that are appropriately structured. Some of the other second-hand parties of citizens, however, did not always support or contribute for a Capitalist society. Paranoia started to spread through America which all this strongly affected Americans everyday life. and that is that we are now engaged in a show-down fight . Senator Joseph McCarthy began hearings investigating the United States Army, which he charged with being soft on communism. (These instructions are completely customizable. Partially in response to Republican Party victories, President Harry S. Truman tried to demonstrate his own concern about the threat of Communism by setting up a loyalty program for federal employees. Congressional hearings, both in front of HUAC and McCarthy Senate committee were a study in organized persecution. Stalins resolute putting across of these two ideas, of course, did much to divide the world. Five years after a world war has been won, mens hearts should anticipate a long peaceand mens minds should be free from the heavy weight that comes with war. Within his speech, he uses the three rhetorical appeals (ethos, logos, and pathos) to convey a feeling of urgency toward the changes occurring in policy within the Americas implemented by the British government. Second, he is citing these examples to cause sadness or outrage in the audience. Analysis of the industry tells us that the market share of computer chips is dominated by Asian manufacturers. These pillars have already been laid out more than 2,000 years ago, but they remain as relevant to the persuasive speeches you endeavor today. You might even kill Hector; he will come within your reach, for he is infatuated, and declares that not a Danaan whom the ships have brought can hold his own against him. mies 1. a. Lets say you are a salesperson trying to sell your companys newest car to a customer. b. . Does your message make sense? For full functionality of this site it is necessary to enable JavaScript. By doing so, they rely on their reputation to be more persuasive. In the example rhetorical analysis graphic organizer, there are several components that the student writer had to consider: the author's purpose in the article, the areas where the author used pathos, ethos, logos, and other rhetorical devices, and the thesis statement for the student writer's essay. No one else can view anything. The authors choice of words like innocent and calamitous enforce the fact that they are trying to rely on pathos. Only one example may have been provided for each rhetorical element. After clicking "Copy Activity", update the instructions on the Edit Tab of the assignment.). Fortunately, we are going to look closely at each of these three ideas and see if they are really as effective as they are said to be. The one encouraging thing is that the mad moment has not yet arrived for the firing of the gun or the exploding of the bomb which will set civilization about the final task of destroying itself. Aristotle used the term mythos to refer to the plot or story structure of Greek tragedies, i.e., how a playwright ordered the events of the story to affect the audience. First, he is connecting with his audience by making it clear is aware of their plight and suffering. . That you promptly revoke the order in which you provided under no circumstances could a congressional committee obtain any information or help in exposing Communists. Though advance copies of this speech distributed to the press record the number as 205, McCarthy quickly revised this claim. Scene constructions are messy and may create some confusion, or may be too limited. . In "We Shall Overcome" President Lyndon Johnson used ethos, pathos, logos, and other rhetorical devices such as allusions, repetition and appeals to authority to persuade congress to pass the act. Explanation: The excerpt from President Woodrow Wilson's speech shows a time when the president uses logic to convince the congrass that they needed to take action on the German threat. Aristotle used the word pathos to refer to the emotional impact that an argument had on an audience; this usage is still mainly how pathos is used in rhetoric today. Pathos: the emotional appeal; your arguments' emotional bond and impact on . This template may also be used as a guide for students to write their own speeches. Ethos is not just appealing to ethics, but it is establishing the speaker's credibility and character. Despite this State Department black-out, we have been able to compile a list of 57 Communists in the State Department. Ethos is important in rhetoric because it often influences the opinion or mood of the audience. Include the key words or phrases from the speech that demonstrate that type of appeal. The majority of McCarthy 's movement attacked liberals and members of the Democratic Party and this aided anyone who was not part of those topics and organizations. Darwin connects natural selection to established scientific knowledge to argue that it makes logical sense that animals would adapt to better survive in their environment. . Many people chose to follow him out of fear and many out of curiosity. The author writes in a tone for his educated audience. He accused people of being disloyal and leaking information to the Soviet Union, and he even had people killed because of his accusations about disloyal Americans. It is a good way to introduce the topic and allow the children to explore it in more depth. Teachers can view all of their students storyboards, but students can only view their own. Dr. Kings speech had two main goals: to end racism, and to call attention to equal civil and economic rights for all people. The authors purpose is to persuade in order to convince the reader that McCarthyism sparked betrayal and fear among Americans. McCarthyism is the practice of making accusations of disloyalty, especially of pro-Communist activity, in many instances unsupported by proof or based on slight, doubtful, or irrelevant evidence. In one paragraph, Ulysses is attempting to appeal to several of Achilless emotions: his hatred of Hector, his infamous stubborn pride, his sympathy for civilians, and his desire for vengeance. Steve Jobs, 2005. Antony is establishing himself as both a person of authority in Rome (having the power to offer Caesar a crown) and an expert on Caesars true character (Antony was Caesars close friend and advisor). Finally, logos convince an audience using reasoning and logic. Sam Robert in the article, A Decade of Fear, argues that Americans turned against each other because of McCarthyism. . This was considered to be an attack on President Truman's foreign policies during the Cold War. There are four main characteristics of ethos: Trustworthiness and respect. While some may argue that one pillar is more important than the others, a persuasive speech with a balanced combination of all three pillars of a rhetorical triangle will always be more successful than a speech only focusing on one. Lined up on the antitotalitarian side there were in the world at that time, roughly 1,625,000,000 people. He also uses analogy and metaphor to help illustrate his points. Get grammar tips, writing tricks, and more from Thesaurus.com right in your inbox! The fear of communism carved a deep sense of mistrust in American people. Both in a letter he wrote to President Truman the next day and in an official transcript of the speech that McCarthy submitted to the Congressional Record ten days later he uses the number 57. In your own life, you have likely seen a rational, correct speaker lose an argument to a charismatic, authoritative speaker who may not have the facts right. Paint a picture, and link an emotional response to the most important parts of your message to make them memorable. In the 1940 's and 1950 's, an anti-Communist movement swept the United States of America. Ethos, Logos, and Pathos are valuable benchmarks that you can follow to make sure your presentation is compelling and impactful to your listeners. Please proofread your writing and organize your ideas thoughtfully. Once again, Kings I Have a Dream speech is a great example of the use of kairos. Are they an expert? The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro community must not lead us to distrust all white people, for many of our white brothers, as evidenced by their presence here today, have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny. Depending on the context, you can include personal experience and case studies to further amplify the Logos of your speech. All persuasive speakers use a combination of Ethos, Logos, and Pathos to drive the message home and win over their listeners. Looking for a lesson that teaches class members how to analyze nonfiction? The terms ethos, pathos, and logos and the theory of their use can be traced back to ancient Greece to the philosophy of Aristotle. I further stated that I have in my possession the names of 57 Communists who are in the State Department at present. There is still a hope for peace if we finally decide that no longer can we safely blind our eyes and close our ears to those facts which are shaping up more and more clearly . Author's Purpose What are open-ended questions and how can you use them effectively? invented by Marx, preached feverishly by Lenin, and carried to unimaginable extremes by Stalin. On the flip side, an audience is less likely to support an argument that is flawed or entirely wrong. Centering around the dreams that King had, having grown up during segregated times of black and white folk. The next step would be to put them into practice. Ethos, pathos, and logos are the three classical modes of persuasion that a person can use to speak or write persuasively. This kind of hysteria caused the Red Scare, which was a period that Americans thought communists were working to destroy America. Get a quote for your school. Five score years ago a great American in whose symbolic shadow we stand today signed the Emancipation Proclamation. While ethos uses the speaker's credibility to persuade people about something, pathos uses emotion to trigger people. Unlock 70+ trainings to support your team. This not only entails traditional facts like statistical data and figures but relevant stories as well. Ethos is all about character. Appeals to Ethos, Pathos, Logos: The Declaration of Independence employs all three of the rhetorical modes of persuasion Aristotle set forth: ethos, the ethical appeal, pathos, the emotional appeal, and logos, the logical appeal. Moreover, though you hate both him and his gifts with all your heart, yet pity the rest of the Achaeans who are being harassed in all their host; they will honour you as a god, and you will earn great glory at their hands. The template has sections for all three components discussed; Ethos, Pathos & Logos. 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