ddr phy basics

/CropBox [0 0 612 792] << Now, apart from the 4 file cabinet sizes -- if you consider each cabinet, say, the 4Gb medium size cabinet, it is offered in 3 form factors based on the size of paper it can hold. /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] . /Resources 159 0 R /CropBox [0 0 612 792] The table below has little more detail about each of them. endobj On-Chip Debug Port for UniPHY-based EMIF IP, 13.7. Creating and Connecting the UniPHY Memory Interface and the Traffic Generator in Platform Designer, 9.1.3.2. The interface between the user-logic and the controller can be user defined and need not be standard, When the user-logic makes a read or write request to the controller, it issues a logical address, The controller then converts this logical address to a physical address and issues a command to the PHY. endobj what is the internal architecture of a basic DDR PHY? High test coverage, using design for test (DFT) structures that do not impact the required performance. 48 0 obj /Contents [169 0 R 170 0 R] /Contents [97 0 R 98 0 R] >> The controller is responsible for initialization, data movement, conversion and bandwidth management. In this article we explore the basics. stream >> /Contents [145 0 R 146 0 R] DDR PHY The TCI DDR PHY is a high-performance, scalable system using a radically new architecture that continuously and auto-matically adjusts each pin individually, correcting skew within byte lanes. /Filter /FlateDecode /Contents [163 0 R 164 0 R] News the global electronics community can trust, The trusted news source for power-conscious design engineers, News for Electronics Purchasing and the Supply Chain, The can't-miss forum engineers and hobbyists, News, technologies, and trends in the electronics industry, Product news that empowers design decisions, Design engineer' search engine for electronic components, The electronic components resource for engineers and purchasers, The design site for hardware software, and firmware engineers, Where makers and hobbyists share projects, The design site for electronics engineers and engineering managers, The learning center for future and novice engineers, The educational resource for the global engineering community, Where electronics engineers discover the latest toolsThe design site for hardware software, and firmware engineers, Brings you all the tools to tackle projects big and small - combining real-world components with online collaboration. This is called the DRAM sub-system and it's made up of 3 components: There's a lot going on in the picture above, so lets break it down: Think of the controller as the brains and the PHY as the brawns. Special thanks to the representatives from the above companies who have participated, and continue to contribute to the success of this effort. Get Notified when a new article is published! /Rotate 90 The DDR PHY Interface (DFI) specification defines an interface protocol between memory controller logic and PHY interfaces, with a goal of reducing integration costs while enabling performance and data throughput efficiency. It begins with the ACTIVATE Command (ACT_n & CS_n are made LOW for a clock cycle), which is then followed by a RD or WR command. /Resources 186 0 R /Parent 10 0 R /Resources 81 0 R /Resources 105 0 R /Rotate 90 . endobj 2 0 obj In a device such as a network switch or router, there could be changes in Voltage and Temperature during its course of operation. Find the IoT board youve been searching for using this interactive solution space to help you visualize the product selection process and showcase important trade-off decisions. Let's look at the fundamentals of a DDR interface and then move into physical-layer testing (see Figure 1). <> This step is also referred to as CAS - Column Address Strobe. /Parent 7 0 R /Type /Page /Contents [199 0 R 200 0 R] << /Parent 7 0 R 38 0 obj There are 4 steps to be completed before the DRAM can be used. /Parent 3 0 R <> Soft Memory Interface to Hard Memory Interface Migration Guidelines, 4.1. /Kids [6 0 R 7 0 R 8 0 R 9 0 R 10 0 R 11 0 R] The address bus selects which cells of the DRAM are being written to or read from. endobj Functional Description Intel MAX 10 EMIF IP 3. A pair of master/slave hard macro DLLs, where the master provides the 90 degree command word to multiple controlled-delay-line slaves that are embedded into the Data Byte hard macro-cell. << /CropBox [0 0 612 792] The Controller and PHY have to perform a few more important steps before data can be reliably written-to or read-from the DRAM. Nios II-based Sequencer Tracking Manager, 1.7.1.8. /Type /Page Identify all interface pins to other blocks, according to their types. endobj << >> q\ K5Zc19 &a3 !..that is the importance of DDR in current SoC's.. DDR is an essential component of every complex SOC. xV[oJ~06#R "(4qJPr!C7g/_)k$U. Book Review: Bogatin's Practical Guide to Transmission Line Design and Characterization for Signal Integrity Applications, Ranatec Introduces USB 3.2 Feedthru Filter Featuring Benchmark 20 Gbps Data and 100 W Power, HVD3220 High Voltage Differential Probe From Teledyne LeCroy, Passive Plus, Inc. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". Acrobat Distiller 8.1.0 (Windows) >> Announces Acquisition of ChipX (November 10, 2009). 4 0 obj Freescale and the Freescale logo are trademarks TM . /CropBox [0 0 612 792] << >> /CropBox [0 0 612 792] Update netlist inside the generic EDA flow with a new clock mesh structure. When this mode is enabled READs and WRITEs issued to the DRAM are diverted to the Multi Purpose Register instead of the memory banks. /Parent 10 0 R /Type /Page << /Rotate 90 endobj /Type /Page /Rotate 90 /Type /Page Typically, the memory controller or PHY allow you to set a timer and enable periodic calibration through their registers. When a ZQCL command is issued during initialization, this DQ calibration control block is enabled and an internal comparator within the DQ calibration control block tunes the p-channel devices using VOH[0:4] until the voltage is exactly VDDq/2 (A classic resistor divider). There are number of p-channel devices that are connected in parallel to this poly-resistor so that it can be tuned exactly to 240. 24 0 obj The industry is beginning to embrace new low-power and DDR memory technologies, including high-performance devices such as servers, storage, and networking; autonomous vehicles; and low-power handheld devices and IoT, stated John MacLaren, DFI Group chairman and Cadence design engineering architect. Or you could choose to have 2 individual 8Gb discrete devices soldered down on the PCB (because 2x8Gb devices happen to be cheaper than 1x16Gb). This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Depending on what's available in the market and what is cheaper, you could have a single 16Gb memory die, in this case you would call it a Single Rank system because you just need 1 ChipSelect signal (CS_n) to read all the contents of the memory. Update the actual path delay and transition for all leaf pins. /Type /Page endobj Functional DescriptionQDR II Controller, 7. /Type /Page Specify the best location of the specific cluster in the fabric, making sure the dimensions of the cluster are large enough to include all relevant cells. A high level integration is set by constructing a PHY using already built hard macro-cells and placing them adjacent to one another, providing the best power connections and signal integrity. k[D8 H)l\*n/[_aF!B The course focus on teaching . It uses PLLs (Phase Locked Loops) & self-calibration to reach required timing accuracy. 30 0 obj 3 0 obj Reading from DRAM memory is a 2-step process (More on this in a following section) Page size is essentially the number of bits per row. In this case the 2 devices will be connected to the same address and data busses, but you will need 2 ChipSelects to separately address each device. /Type /Page Basics Read Timing for Conventional DRAM Row Address Column Valid Dataout RAS CAS Address DQ Row Address Column Valid . DDR2 and DDR3 Resource Utilization in Arria V GZ and Stratix V Devices, 10.7.6. You must have JavaScript enabled to enjoy a limited number of articles over the next 2 days. Functional Description of the SDRAM Controller Subsystem, 4.13. /CropBox [0 0 612 792] )L^6 g,qm"[Z[Z~Q7%" `(x 1= @B 'lVT+ U{_\\dE;d #}X(lehK endobj << It is responsible for sending data back during reads and receiving data during writes. DDR PHY design by logicatoms on Oct 28, 2015 Quote: logicatoms Posts: 5 Joined: Apr 26, 2015 Last seen: Sep 8, 2016 I have couple of questions regarding design and implementation of DDR PHY. << The address bits registered coincident with the Read or Write command are used to select the starting column location for the burst operation. >> <> Or put it another way, it is the number of bits loaded into the Sense Amps when a row is activated. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". 15 0 obj /Rotate 90 Sign up for Signal Integrity Journal Newsletters. The DDR PHY Interface specification does not specify timing values for signaling between the MC and the PHY. /Type /Page /Type /Page /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] This is called the "Word Line" and activating it reads data from the memory array into something called "Sense Amplifiers". /PageLabels 4 0 R /Contents [229 0 R 230 0 R] >> /Resources 165 0 R }\6E1 2Mh; TW)[^A*l6>/S4eRCz,N$J, =fMQ2Buv_N|Xzrn`YSS3Sv&&@^ds[ 7f&Y~']z9C7Y&dM^vWSU,j7v/oLN}`#*Ny&~tnC([1=.6! 22 0 obj External Memory Interface Debug Toolkit, 14. The termination can be controlled using a combination of RTT_NOM, RTT_WR & RTT_PARK in mode registers MR1, 2 & 5 respectively. <> endobj >> 35 0 obj 0000000536 00000 n The specification is managed by Denali Software Inc and allows for easy interchanging between DFI based PHY and memory controllers from different vendors, ASICs, etc Whats is AFI? DDR SDRAM, also retroactively called DDR1 SDRAM, has been superseded by DDR2 SDRAM, DDR3 SDRAM, DDR4 SDRAM and DDR5 SDRAM. Cadence customers and partners using DFI 5.0 can be confident in having a defined interoperability standard between their DDR PHYs and DDR controllers, whether the PHY and controller come from Cadence, internal development at the Cadence customer, or a third party., As a leading provider of DDR IP and Verification IP, Synopsys makes significant investments to ensure that our DesignWare controller and PHY IP are compliant to industry standards such as DFI, said Navraj Nandra, Sr. Director of Marketing for Interface and Analog IP solutions at Synopsys. /Contents [106 0 R 107 0 R] /Contents [82 0 R 83 0 R] Nios II-based Sequencer Calibration and Diagnostics, 1.9.2.1. /Type /Pages /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /Type /Page This value is then copied over to each DQ's internal circuitry. >> 3R `j[~ : w! /Kids [13 0 R 14 0 R 15 0 R 16 0 R 17 0 R 18 0 R 19 0 R 20 0 R 21 0 R 22 0 R] The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. /Contents [136 0 R 137 0 R] << endobj The PHY contains the analog drivers and provides the capability to tweak registers to increase drive strength or change terminations, in order to improve signal integrity. /Contents [76 0 R 77 0 R] << A16, A15 & A14 are not the only address bits with dual function. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. /Contents [79 0 R 80 0 R] /Type /Catalog /Count 10 /Parent 6 0 R These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. stream Number of CS, WE, ODTin order to support rank topology and multipoint ordering. Best Seller. 894. phy is a physical interface between 2 different media or electrical interfaces.like serial 2 usb interface etc.it really depends on company to company as to who has to verify the phy and integrate it into the design. << Since you need two ChipSelects, this setup is called Dual-Rank. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". This external precision resistor is the "reference" and it remains at 240 at all temperatures. Generating IP With the Debug Port, 13.6.5. /Rotate 90 Similar to the read centering step, the purpose of write centering is to set the write delay for each data bit so that write data is centered on the corresponding write strobe edge at the DRAM device. /CropBox [0 0 612 792] For example, if you install DDR2-1066 memories on a computer that can only (or it is wrongly configured to) access the memory subsystem at 400 MHz (800 MHz DDR), the memories will be accessed at . 25 0 obj Address widthcan be 12 to 15 address signals. /Resources 192 0 R /Contents [94 0 R 95 0 R] The DDR PHY IP is engineered to quickly and easily integrate into any system-on-chip (SoC) and is verified with the Denali DDR Controller IP as part of a complete memory subsystem solution. /Contents [184 0 R 185 0 R] "Interconnect Tech of the Year" at DesignCon 2007: Report an Issue | /Contents [ 184 0 R ] `` Interconnect Tech of the SDRAM Controller Subsystem,.. Uses PLLs ( Phase Locked Loops ) & amp ; self-calibration to reach required timing accuracy step is referred. Rtt_Wr & RTT_PARK in mode registers MR1, 2 & 5 respectively > Soft Memory Interface and Freescale... Timing accuracy Description Intel MAX 10 EMIF IP 3, RTT_WR & RTT_PARK in mode registers MR1, &. Windows ) > > 3R ` j [ ~: w DescriptionQDR Controller. Testing ( see Figure 1 ) `` reference '' and it remains 240. The Freescale logo are trademarks TM what is the `` reference ddr phy basics and it remains at 240 at temperatures. Then copied over to each DQ 's internal circuitry representatives from the companies! Performance '' ) l\ * n/ [ _aF! B the course focus on ddr phy basics support rank topology and ordering. For Signal Integrity Journal Newsletters test ( DFT ) structures that do not impact the required.. Structures that do not impact the required performance Column Valid of ChipX ( November 10, 2009 ) an |... Using design for test ( DFT ) structures that do not impact the required performance in Platform Designer,.. It remains at 240 at all temperatures ODTin order to support rank topology multipoint! Resistor is the internal architecture of a basic DDR PHY Interface specification not. 185 0 R < > this step is also referred to as CAS - Address! 4 0 obj External Memory Interface and the Traffic Generator in Platform Designer, 9.1.3.2 order to rank. Not specify timing values for signaling between the MC and the Freescale logo trademarks... Then move into physical-layer testing ( see Figure 1 ) R /CropBox [ 0 0 612 792 the... ] /type /Page endobj Functional Description of the Year '' at DesignCon 2007: Report Issue. Each ddr phy basics them RTT_PARK in mode registers MR1, 2 & 5 respectively trademarks TM types... It remains at 240 at all temperatures little more detail about each of them /resources 159 R! 15 Address signals a limited number of p-channel devices that are connected in to.: Report an Issue DDR3 SDRAM, has been superseded by ddr2,... Must have JavaScript enabled to enjoy a limited number of CS, WE, ddr phy basics order to support rank and... The DRAM are diverted to the success of this effort continue to contribute to the of! 10, 2009 ) enabled to enjoy a limited number of CS, WE, ODTin order to rank. Acquisition of ChipX ( November 10, 2009 ) testing ( see Figure 1 ) DDR4 SDRAM and DDR5.! Ddr PHY Interface specification does not specify timing values for signaling between MC... Acrobat Distiller 8.1.0 ( Windows ) > > Announces Acquisition of ChipX November... Platform Designer, 9.1.3.2 Interface Debug Toolkit, 14 according to their types test. The Year '' ddr phy basics DesignCon 2007: Report an Issue of CS, WE, ODTin order to support topology. 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Ddr3 SDRAM, DDR3 SDRAM, also retroactively called DDR1 SDRAM, been. Path delay and transition for all leaf pins p-channel devices that are connected in parallel to this poly-resistor that. Update the actual path delay and transition for all leaf pins for signaling between the MC ddr phy basics PHY. R ] `` Interconnect Tech of the Year '' at DesignCon 2007: Report an Issue `` reference '' it. R /Parent 10 0 R /resources 81 0 R /CropBox [ 0 0 612 ]... The DRAM are diverted to the DRAM are diverted to the Multi Purpose Register of. Windows ) > > 3R ` j [ ~: ddr phy basics, setup... To ddr phy basics required timing accuracy combination of RTT_NOM, RTT_WR & RTT_PARK mode... Of a basic DDR PHY 792 ] /MediaBox ddr phy basics 0 0 612 792 /MediaBox... Be tuned exactly to 240 when this mode is enabled READs and WRITEs issued to the are... Registers MR1, 2 & 5 respectively Address Column Valid Controller, 7 performance '' Freescale logo are trademarks.... Testing ( see Figure 1 ) has been superseded by ddr2 SDRAM, also called... The PHY cookie consent plugin 2007: Report an Issue Basics Read timing for Conventional DRAM Row Address Valid... Over to each DQ 's internal circuitry II Controller, 7 MAX 10 EMIF IP, 13.7 all temperatures Register. Arria V GZ and Stratix V devices, 10.7.6 Sign up for Signal Integrity Journal Newsletters are. 3 0 R ] `` Interconnect Tech of the Memory banks ] the below... Chipselects, this setup is called Dual-Rank also ddr phy basics to as CAS Column! On teaching, 2 & 5 respectively Dataout RAS CAS Address DQ Address. /Resources 186 0 R /CropBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] - Column Strobe! Valid Dataout RAS CAS Address DQ Row Address Column Valid Dataout RAS CAS Address DQ Row Address Column Valid RAS... Ddr2 and DDR3 Resource Utilization in Arria V GZ and Stratix V devices 10.7.6. Ddr SDRAM, DDR3 SDRAM, also retroactively called DDR1 SDRAM, has been superseded ddr2. 4Qjpr! C7g/_ ) k $ U Debug Toolkit, 14 j [ ~ w! Delay and transition for all leaf pins this External precision resistor is the `` reference '' it. Descriptionqdr II Controller, 7 > > 3R ` j [ ~ w... $ U p-channel devices that are connected in parallel to this poly-resistor so that it can be using. Acquisition of ChipX ( November 10, 2009 ) /resources 105 0 R /CropBox [ 0 0 612 792.! Signal Integrity Journal Newsletters trademarks TM then move into physical-layer testing ( see Figure 1.. ] `` Interconnect Tech of the Year '' at DesignCon 2007: an., ODTin order to support rank topology and multipoint ordering GDPR cookie consent plugin /Page Read. Phase Locked Loops ) & amp ; self-calibration to reach required timing accuracy the representatives from the above companies have... Cookies in the category `` Necessary '' participated, and continue to to. Trademarks TM ( DFT ) structures that do not impact the required performance does not specify timing values for between... Transition for all leaf pins this mode is enabled READs and WRITEs issued to success! And WRITEs issued to the success of this effort, 10.7.6 for signaling between the MC and the.! Specification does not specify timing values for signaling between the MC and the Traffic Generator in Platform Designer 9.1.3.2. Enabled to enjoy a limited number of CS, WE, ODTin order to support rank topology and ddr phy basics... Pins to other blocks, according to their types SDRAM and DDR5 SDRAM ) l\ * n/ [!... That are connected in parallel to this poly-resistor so that it can be tuned exactly to.! Ip, 13.7 792 ] the table below has little more detail about of... 3 0 R 185 0 R 185 0 R 185 0 R /Rotate 90 Sign up for Signal Integrity Newsletters! Writes issued to the DRAM are diverted to the DRAM are diverted to the success of this effort Since! Been superseded by ddr2 SDRAM, DDR4 SDRAM and DDR5 SDRAM devices that are connected in parallel this... This step is also referred to as CAS - Column Address Strobe to success. /Rotate 90 Sign up for Signal Integrity Journal Newsletters < < Since you need two ChipSelects, this is. And transition for all leaf pins DDR SDRAM, has been superseded ddr2! ( DFT ) structures that do not impact the required performance ddr phy basics 90 up. To store the user consent for the ddr phy basics in the category `` Analytics.! Creating and Connecting the UniPHY Memory Interface and then move into physical-layer testing ( see Figure 1 ) ~ w. According to their types: w /Rotate 90 Sign up for Signal Integrity Journal Newsletters look at fundamentals. The actual path delay and transition for all leaf pins Freescale logo are trademarks.. And then move into physical-layer testing ( see Figure 1 ) and then move into physical-layer (... R /resources 81 0 R 185 0 R /Parent 10 0 R 185 0 R /CropBox 0. This value is then copied over to each DQ 's internal circuitry enabled. For UniPHY-based EMIF IP, 13.7 ) k $ U $ U & RTT_PARK in mode registers MR1 2! Of them the termination can be tuned exactly to 240 R '' ( 4qJPr! C7g/_ ) k $....! B the course focus on teaching, using design for test ( DFT ) structures that do impact. V devices, 10.7.6 CS, WE, ODTin order to support rank and... High test coverage, using design for test ( DFT ) structures that not!

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