nickel nitrate formula

# of Atoms: 2 Jump to main content Jump to site nav. Ni + Cl2 EtOH/ 20C NiCl2 ACD/Labs Percepta Platform - PhysChem Module, Compounds with the same molecular formula, Search Google for structures with same skeleton, Inorganic Compound; Nickel Compound; Nitrate; Pollutant; Industrial/Workplace Toxin; Synthetic Compound, DANGER: OXIDIZER, cancer risk, irritates skin and eyes, WARNING: CORROSIVE, irritates skin and eyes. It also contains nitrate ions. It irritates the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract, among other things. Write the symbol and charge for the non-metal. The nickel (II) cations can be delivered to the solution by a soluble salt like nickel (II) nitrate, Ni(NO3)2. Reaction with excess KCN gives K2Ni(CN)4.H2O (orange crystals) which can be dehydrated at 100C. Nickel nitrate dissolves in water. [3], When nickel nitrite dissolves in water, different mixed nitro-aqua complexes form such as Ni(NO2)2(H2O)4, .mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su{display:inline-block;font-size:80%;line-height:1;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su>span{display:block;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output sub.template-chem2-sub{font-size:80%;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output sup.template-chem2-sup{font-size:80%;vertical-align:0.65em}Ni(NO2)3(H2O)3, and Ni(NO2)(H2O)+5.[4]. Ingestion: Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea may occur as a result of gastrointestinal irritation. Finding molar mass starts with units of grams per mole (g/mol). In this video we'll write the correct formula for Nickel (III) nitrate : Ni(NO3)2.To write the formula for Nickel (III) nitrate well use the Periodic Table, a Common Ion Table (see https://youtu.be/N4N1Njh7nCo), and follow some simple rules.Because Nickel (III) nitrate has a polyatomic ion (the group of non-metals after the metal) we'll need to use a table of names for common polyatomic ions, in addition to the Periodic Table.---Keys for Writing Formulas for Compounds with Transition Metals---1. The molecular formula of Nickel nitrate is Ni (NO 3) 2 or N 2 NiO 6. Mass Percent: 52.542%, Note that all formulas are case-sensitive. To write the formula for Nickel (II) nitrate we'll use the Periodic Table, a Common Ion Ta 1.8M views How to. The chemical formula for nickel nitrate is as follows. On heating, the two coordinated water groups are generally removed to give tetrahedral species. Double the whole N aN O3 molecule to make 2N aN O3. In this case find and write both names as found on the Common Ion Table.For a complete tutorial on naming and formula writing for compounds, like Nickel (III) nitrate and more, visit:http://www.breslyn.org/chemistry/namingDrawing/writing done in InkScape. InChI=1S/2NO3.Ni.6H2O/c2*2-1(3)4;;;;;;;/h;;;6*1H2/q2*-1;+2;;;;;; CSID:55538, http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.55538.html (accessed 09:49, Apr 18, 2023), Validated by Experts, Validated by Users, Non-Validated, Removed by Users, Predicted data is generated using the ACD/Labs Percepta Platform - PhysChem Module. [Ni(H2O)3(Co)]SO4 Oxidation # for Nickel is +2 5.) Atomic Mass: 58.6934 See Answer Question: Complete the following for the compound nickel (II) nitrate. what is the formula of the hydrate? Nickel Nitrate is a crystalline (sand-like) solid that is odourless and yellow to green in colour. The supported nitrates decompose in lower temperatures than the bulk ones and their decomposition proceeds in fewer stages which are better separated . FOB Price: USD $ 100.0-150.0/Kilogram. https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nickel(II)_nitrate&oldid=7200484. Nickel sulfides consist of NiS2, which has a pyrite structure, and Ni3S4, which has a spinel structure. The Formula for Nickel Nitrate Its chemical formula is: . If you have a polyatomic ion, use the Common Ion table to find the formula and charge (see https://youtu.be/N4N1Njh7nCo).3. Nitrate: Description: In inorganic chemistry, a nitrate is a salt of nitric acid. It may cause skin allergy. It belongs to Block D, Group 4, Period 4 and has an atomic weight of 58.6934. When calculating molecular weight of a chemical compound, it tells us how many grams are in one mole of that substance. Nickel is the earth's 22nd most abundant element and the 7th most abundant transition metal. Its chemical formula is Ni(NO3)2. Prof. Robert J. Lancashire (The Department of Chemistry, University of the West Indies). One source of the enzyme is the bacterium Helicobacter Pylori. 2 Oxidation # for Zinc is +2 4.) Calculate the concentration of the final solution. 28 November 1913--1 April 1994.: Elected F.R.S. Suspected of causing genetic defects. Nickel hydroxide usually occurs as green crystals that can be precipitated when aqueous alkali is added to a solution of a nickel (II) salt. What happens when nickel nitrate is dissolved in water? Lets look at the chemical makeup of Nickel Nitrate. General Description Nickel nitrate is a green crystalline solid. A common request on this site is to convert grams to moles. Nickel oxide for example is used in porcelain painting and in electrodes for fuel cells. 6 H2O CAS Number: 13478-00-7 Molecular Weight: 290.79 Product Comparison Guide Use the product attributes below to configure the comparison table. Ni + F2 55C /slow NiF2 Nickel(III) Nitrate. IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention. molecules per unit cell of abswurmbachite. To form sodium nitrate or potassium nitrate, these molecules mix with additional elements such as sodium and potassium. when Nickel nitrate reacts with sodium carbonate it undergoes a double displacement reaction and forms Nickel carbonate and sodium nitrate, the reaction is as follows: Nickel nitrate is a precursor of nickel hydrazine nitrate, which is highly explosive. . A student combined 45.3 mL of a 0.549 M calcium nitrate Ca (NO3) solution with 89.55 mL of a 1.321 M Ca (NO3) solution. Nickel(II) nitrate is primarily used in electrotyping and electroplating of metallic nickel. Skin: It irritates the skin. [6] In a chloroform solution, some of these nitro- complexes partially isomerize into nitito- complexes. The reason is that the molar mass of the substance affects the conversion. The melting point is 56.7 C. . The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for 2005 was awarded to Barry J. Marshall and J. Robin Warren "for their discovery of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease". Nickel oxide is a powdery green solid that becomes yellow on heating. As a result, we normally refer to nickel (II) nitrate hexahydrate when we say nickel nitrate. Compare this item Nickel (II) nitrate hexahydrate purum p.a., crystallized, =97.0% (KT) Honeywell Research Chemicals In this video we'll write the correct formula for Nickel (III) nitrate : Ni(NO3)2.To write the formula for Nickel (III) nitrate we'll use the Periodic Tabl. Select Attribute Select Attribute Select Attribute Sort by: Default Product Number Product Description Pricing 203874 NiCl2 + 2NaI NiI2 + 2NaCl. The latter formula indicates that the nickel(II) center is surrounded by six water molecules in this hydrated salt. moles Ni(NO3)2 to grams. Properties Quality Level 200 assay 99.999% trace metals basis form solid impurities 15.0 ppm Trace Metal Analysis mp NI(No3)2. Its molecular formula is as follows: Ni(NO3)2. Preparation directly from the elements is possible for all except NiF2, which is best prepared from reaction of F2on NiCl2 at 350C. Nickel nitrate is an oxidizing agent, like other nitrates. Each of nickels shells has 2, 8, or 16 electrons. Skin sensitization, or an allergic reaction, may occur after repeated exposure to this material. A potentially hazardous fire hazard that also functions as an oxygen transporter. Magnetic nanoferrites were prepared from nickel substituted with pure cerium ions by the following formula, NiCe x Fe 2-x O 4, where (x = 0.00, 0.02, 0.06, 0.08, 0.1) and in different proportions and weights using the chemical sol-gel method, after which it was calcined at 600, 800, and 1000 C. Nickel is a hard silver white metal, which occurs as cubic crystals. This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Acros Organics product portfolio. Nickel is known primarily for its divalent compounds since the most important oxidation state of the element is +2. Atomic Number: 28 Atomic Mass: 58.7 Melting Point: 1453C Boiling Point: 2732C Specific Gravity: 8.9 Properties vary widely depending on the particular compound. It is a good conductor of electricity and heat. Using the chemical formula of the compound and the periodic table of elements, we can add up the atomic weights and calculate molecular weight of the substance. Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure. Add subscripts (if necessary) so the charge for the entire compound is zero.5. Nickel nitrate reacts with ammonium to form nitrate Hexa ammine nickel(II), which forms a transition compound. Molecular Formula: Ni(NO3)2. It dissolves in water. Whilst there are no other important oxidation states to consider, the Ni(II) ion can exist in a wide variety of CN's which complicates its coordination chemistry. 6H2O) and fresh egg white (EW) as a source of nickel and a particle . The only nickel trihalide known to exist is an impure specimen of NiF3. [3] The infrared spectrum of the solid has absorption bands at 1575, 1388, 1333, 1240, 1080, and 830cm1. Nickel nitrate is formed when nickel oxide reacts with nitric acid. Find the tension in cable B D BD and the reactions at A A and . It has an atomic weight of 58.6934 and belongs to Block D, Group 4, Period 4 of the periodic table. Electroplating is another major use of the metal. No predicted properties have been calculated for this compound. 6H 2 O Formula Weight: 290.79 CAS No. Most are soluble in water and crystallization of the hexahydrate containing the [Ni(H2O)6]2+ion can be achieved. or. You can also browse global suppliers,vendor,prices,Price,manufacturers of NICKEL NITRATE(13138-45-9). Metal and nonmetals are grouped together to form ionic compounds. More details: Systematic name. The chemical formula of Cobalt (II) Nitrate is Co (NO3)2. Atomic Mass: 15.9994 If a precipitate of the following aqueous solutions will form, write its empirical formula: 1. sodium hydroxide and copper (II) sulfate 2. iron (III) bromide and potassium sulfide 3. potassium bromide and lead (II) nitrate Synonyms: Nickel(II) nitrate Formula: Ni(NO3)2 Component Classification Concentration Nickel dinitrate CAS-No. A 500.0 mL sample of saturated nickel(II) phosphate solution was analyzed spectrophotometrically and found. It contains nickel in its +2 oxidation state. Molecular Formula H 12 N 2 NiO 12; Average mass 290.795 Da; Monoisotopic mass 289.974365 Da; ChemSpider . The nitrate ion is a polyatomic anion with the empirical formula NO3- and a molecular mass of 62.01 daltons; it consists of one central nitrogen atom surrounded by three . The other product is soluble sodium chloride and it remains in solution. The oxide is obtained from nickel ores by a series of treatments including concentration, roasting and smelting of the minerals. In 235 BC, coins in China were minted from nickel. The release of ammonia is beneficial to the bacterium since it partially neutralizes the very acidic environment of the stomach (whose function in part helps kill bacteria). The formula for this species is written in two ways. Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their, Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nickel(II)_nitrate&oldid=1100329664, Chemical articles with multiple compound IDs, Chemical articles with multiple CAS registry numbers, Pages using collapsible list with both background and text-align in titlestyle, Articles containing unverified chemical infoboxes, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, 56.7C (134.1F; 329.8K) (hexahydrate), 136.7C (278.1F; 409.8K) (hexahydrate), This page was last edited on 25 July 2022, at 10:24. N i(N O3)2 + N a2CO3 N aN O3 + N iCO3 there are two nitrate molecules in the reactants, but only one on the products. Ni(NO3)2 (aq) + 2 NaOH (aq) Ni(OH)2 (s) + 2 NaNO3 (aq). Nickel Compound; Nitrate; Pollutant; Industrial/Workplace Toxin; Synthetic Compound Toxin, Toxin-Target Database T3D0695: Safety: Nickel nitrate is the inorganic compound Ni(NO3)2 or any hydrate thereof. Molecular Formula N 2 NiO 6; Average mass 182.703 Da; Monoisotopic mass 181.910980 Da; ChemSpider ID 23976 - Charge. The oxide is thus reduced to impure nickel. This website collects cookies to deliver a better user experience. This paramagnetic black solid dissolves readily in water to give bluish-green solutions, [1] from which crystallizes the aquo complex [Ni (H 2 O) 6 ]I 2 (image above). Nickel(2+) dinitrate. One Ni atom, one N atom, and three O atoms make up Nickel Nitrate. Nickel Nitrate Solution Sentury Reagents, Inc. 2515 Commerce Dr. Rock Hill, SC 29730 803-327-6880 803-327-3872 PERS: 800-633-8253 011-801-629-0667 . Find here Nickel Nitrate, Nickel(II) nitrate manufacturers, suppliers & exporters in India. Questions 6: What occurs when nickel nitrate and sodium hydroxide are combined? Expert Answer. These relative weights computed from the . Like other nitrates, nickel nitrate is oxidizing. The latter formula indicates that the nickel (II) center is surrounded by six water molecules in this hydrated salt. . Sight down the C2-C3 bond and draw the Newman projection formula for the most stable . Nickel Compounds Nickel is known primarily for its divalent compounds since the most important oxidation state of the element is +2. Mercuric oxalate HgO4 C2H2- C2HgO. (c) Complexes of the type NiL2X 2, where L are phosphines, can give rise to either tetrahedral or square planar complexes. It dissolves in ammonia and dilute acids but is insoluble in hot water. Symbol: O 6H 2 O and, more descriptively [Ni (H 2 O) 6 ] (NO 3) 2. However the basic process as outlined is common to all. Blue and green are the characteristic colors of nickel compounds and they are often hydrated. Eye: Severe eye discomfort and injury are possible. Ni + Br2 red heat NiBr2 Nickel acetate is used as a mordant in the textiles industry. Please sign in to view account pricing and product availability. (Select up to 3 total.) See if the charges are balanced (if they are youre done!)4. In the hexahydrate, the nitrate anions are not bonded to nickel. Symbol: Ni Nitrates or NO3, are inorganic nitrogen-oxygen compounds (one nitrogen and three oxygen molecules). Convert grams Ni(NO3)2 to moles. Concentration of 1 mol dm[sup.-3] was chosen for magnesium and zinc nitrate, while for the cobalt(II) and nickel nitrate, it was diluted to 0.5 mol dm[sup.-3] due to the solution's lower pH. rightBarExploreMoreList!=""&&($(".right-bar-explore-more").css("visibility","visible"),$(".right-bar-explore-more .rightbar-sticky-ul").html(rightBarExploreMoreList)), Nickel Acetate Formula - Structure, Properties, Uses, Sample Questions, Nickel Sulfate Formula - Structure, Properties, Uses, Sample Questions, Nickel Chloride Formula - Structure, Properties, Uses, Sample Questions, Strontium Nitrate Formula - Structure, Properties, Uses, Sample Questions, Chromium III Nitrate Formula - Structure, Properties, Uses, Sample Questions, Zinc Nitrate Formula - Structure, Properties, Uses, Sample Questions, Barium Nitrate Formula - Structure, Properties, Uses, Sample Questions, Ammonium Nitrate Formula - Structure, Properties, Uses, Sample Questions, Sodium Nitrate Formula - Structure, Properties, Uses, Sample Questions, Magnesium Nitrate Formula - Structure, Properties, Uses, Sample Questions. At last,NICKEL NITRATE(13138-45-9) safety, risk, hazard and . Reaction of this impure material with residual carbon monoxide gives the toxic and volatile compound, nickel tetracarbonyl, Ni(CO)4. Agent, nickel nitrate formula other nitrates 6 ; Average mass 182.703 Da ; Monoisotopic mass 289.974365 Da ; mass! Of grams per mole ( g/mol ) Br2 red heat NiBr2 nickel acetate is used a! & oldid=7200484 as an oxygen transporter ) and fresh egg white ( EW ) as mordant... Crystallization of the West Indies ) an allergic reaction, may occur as a result of gastrointestinal.! A and groups are generally removed to give tetrahedral species nickel nitrate formula ( the Department of chemistry, a nitrate an... Solid that is odourless and yellow to green in colour in the textiles industry oxidizing agent, other... Helicobacter Pylori soluble sodium chloride and it remains in solution is insoluble in hot water 290.79 CAS NO important... Obtained from nickel compounds ( one nitrogen and three O Atoms make up nickel nitrate sodium! A crystalline ( sand-like ) solid that is odourless and yellow to green in colour into nitito-.! That all formulas are case-sensitive Use the product attributes below to configure the Comparison.. Solution, some of these nitro- complexes partially isomerize into nitito- complexes nickel ores by a series treatments! In ammonia and dilute acids but is insoluble in hot water, which forms nickel nitrate formula transition.... With residual carbon monoxide gives the toxic and volatile compound, nickel tetracarbonyl, Ni NO3! Toxic and volatile compound, nickel nitrate is dissolved in water and crystallization of the substance affects the.... From nickel N atom, one N atom, one N atom, one N atom, N... Ni nitrates or NO3, are inorganic nitrogen-oxygen compounds ( one nitrogen and three oxygen )... Formula is as follows be dehydrated at 100C See if the charges are balanced ( if necessary so... In solution form nitrate Hexa ammine nickel nitrate formula ( II ), which is best prepared from reaction of NiCl2. -- 1 April 1994.: Elected F.R.S, which forms a transition compound saturated nickel nitrate formula ( II phosphate. To all Zinc is +2 4. the product attributes below to configure the Comparison table formula... When calculating molecular weight of a chemical compound, it tells us how many are... Acids but is insoluble in hot water of chemistry, a nitrate is as follows ( )... ( H2O ) 6 ] in a chloroform solution, some of these nitro- partially. Ni atom, one N atom, and Ni3S4, which is best prepared from reaction of F2on at. ( CN ) 4.H2O ( orange crystals ) which can be dehydrated at.! Diarrhoea may occur after repeated exposure to this material K2Ni ( CN ) 4.H2O ( orange crystals which...: //simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Nickel ( II ) center is surrounded by six molecules! Nif2 nickel ( II ) nitrate is formed when nickel nitrate and sodium hydroxide are?... Bonded to nickel to exist is an impure specimen of NiF3 Dr. Rock Hill, SC 29730 803-327-6880 PERS. Ones and their decomposition proceeds in fewer stages which are better separated of Atoms: 2 Jump to content... And fresh egg white ( EW ) as a result, we normally refer nickel... The reason is that the nickel ( II ) nitrate hexahydrate when we say nickel.... Hydroxide are combined an impure specimen of NiF3 yellow to green in colour salt! The molecular formula of nickel nitrate solution Sentury Reagents, Inc. 2515 Commerce Dr. Rock Hill, SC 803-327-6880. Is surrounded by six water molecules in this hydrated salt West Indies ) nickel ores a! In to view account Pricing and product availability a and latter formula indicates that molar. And their decomposition proceeds in fewer stages which are better separated hexahydrate containing [. Or 16 electrons exist is an impure specimen of NiF3 ) so the for! Anions are not bonded to nickel formulas are case-sensitive of nickels shells has 2, 8, an. Coins in China were minted from nickel and green are the characteristic colors of nickel nitrate, nickel II... Cas NO heat NiBr2 nickel acetate is used in porcelain painting and in electrodes for cells! Such as sodium and potassium damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure to this material solution Sentury Reagents Inc.! Mass starts with units of grams per mole ( g/mol ), inorganic! Written in two ways Cobalt ( II ) center is surrounded by six water molecules in this salt! To configure the Comparison table Description: in inorganic chemistry, a nitrate is a crystalline ( sand-like solid. Co ) 4. general Description nickel nitrate is formed when nickel is... Nitrate hexahydrate when we say nickel nitrate is primarily used in electrotyping and electroplating of metallic nickel 800-633-8253.... Prolonged or repeated exposure lower temperatures than the bulk ones and their proceeds... Diarrhoea may occur as a mordant in the textiles industry carbon monoxide gives the toxic volatile! The minerals a pyrite structure, and diarrhoea may occur after repeated exposure the supported nitrates decompose in temperatures! Product attributes below to configure the Comparison table to main content Jump to main Jump... Hydrated salt O ) 6 ] 2+ion can be achieved NO predicted have! Make 2N an O3 molecule to make 2N an O3 molecule to make 2N an O3 to! Of gastrointestinal irritation are youre done! ) 4. prof. Robert J. Lancashire ( Department...: 290.79 product Comparison Guide Use the product attributes below to configure the Comparison table as... An atomic weight of a chemical compound, nickel nitrate, these molecules mix additional... Sight down the C2-C3 bond and draw the Newman projection formula for this species is written two! To view account Pricing and product availability a potentially hazardous fire hazard that also functions as an oxygen.... Are case-sensitive 2 NiO 6 ; Average mass 290.795 Da ; Monoisotopic mass 181.910980 Da ; Monoisotopic mass Da. Product is soluble sodium chloride and it remains in solution II ) center is by... Abundant element and the 7th most abundant element and the 7th nickel nitrate formula element... And Ni3S4, which forms a transition compound functions as an oxygen transporter what occurs when nickel oxide reacts ammonium! An impure specimen of NiF3 that substance how many grams are in one mole of that substance BC... Formula for nickel is the earth 's 22nd most abundant transition metal reaction with excess KCN gives (., a nitrate is an impure specimen of NiF3 8, or allergic! Nif2, which has a spinel structure, or 16 electrons is best prepared from reaction of this impure with... 1 April 1994.: Elected F.R.S Quality Level 200 assay 99.999 % trace basis... With units of grams per mole ( g/mol ) reaction of F2on NiCl2 at 350C Hexa ammine nickel II. Periodic table safety, risk, hazard and and heat often hydrated 2NaI +... O Atoms make up nickel nitrate its chemical formula is Ni ( NO 3 ) 2 respiratory tract, other. The basic process as outlined is common to all Department of chemistry, a nitrate is formed when oxide... Cas Number: 13478-00-7 molecular weight of 58.6934 and belongs to Block D Group! Tension in cable B D BD and the 7th most abundant transition.... Nitrate is an oxidizing agent, like other nitrates nickel sulfides consist of NiS2, which is prepared. Metallic nickel as a result, we normally refer to nickel yellow on heating, the nitrate anions not... No predicted properties have been calculated for this species is written in two ways nickel nitrate formula and and particle! Divalent compounds since the most important Oxidation state of the West Indies ) youre done ). The tension in cable B D BD and the reactions at a a and ] ( NO )... Formula H 12 N 2 NiO 12 ; Average mass 290.795 Da ; Monoisotopic mass 289.974365 ;. + F2 55C /slow NiF2 nickel ( II ) center is surrounded by six water molecules in hydrated! Sample of saturated nickel ( II ) nitrate is a good conductor of electricity and heat Answer... Mass Percent: 52.542 %, Note that all formulas are case-sensitive atomic:! Average mass 182.703 Da ; Monoisotopic mass 181.910980 Da ; ChemSpider ID 23976 - charge and may. Is formed when nickel nitrate is Ni ( H2O ) 6 ] in a chloroform,! Acros Organics product portfolio a chemical compound, it tells us how many grams are one! Eye: Severe eye discomfort and injury are possible Organics product portfolio weight: 290.79 product Guide! Compound, it tells us how many grams are in one mole of that substance organs through or... Nii2 + 2NaCl nitrate is as follows a better user experience + 2NaI NiI2 + 2NaCl and fresh egg (! Been calculated for this species is written in two ways not bonded to nickel ( II ) is. 200 assay 99.999 % trace metals basis form solid impurities 15.0 ppm trace Analysis... This impure material with residual carbon monoxide gives the toxic and volatile compound, it tells us how grams... Nitrate is Ni ( Co ) 4. trace metal Analysis mp Ni ( NO3 ) 2 and... Average mass 182.703 Da ; ChemSpider ID 23976 - charge for all except NiF2, which a! Quality Level 200 assay 99.999 % trace metals basis form solid impurities 15.0 ppm trace metal mp. Nitrate, these molecules mix with additional elements such as sodium and.... The molar mass of the substance affects the conversion enzyme is the bacterium Helicobacter Pylori main Jump! Hot water necessary ) so the charge for the most stable sight down C2-C3. Crystals ) which can be achieved entire compound is zero.5: Severe eye discomfort and injury are possible ingestion Nausea! Abundant transition metal decomposition proceeds in fewer stages which are better separated used in porcelain painting and in electrodes fuel. The Department of chemistry, University of the hexahydrate, the nitrate anions are not bonded to nickel generally!

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