will gasoline kill a tree stump

This will help you avoid pouring diesel fuel all over the ground. Local EPA, garden stores, and local Dept. How Long Does it Take to Grind a Tree Stump. For the best results, apply this Bonide product to freshly cut stumps and coat as much of the stump surface as possible. These holes should intersect with each other under the surface if possible. You can drill holes into the stump with an auger bit and power drill and fill the holes with diesel fuel but just paintingit on should do the trick. On large stumps, the herbicide should be applied just inside the bark (Figure 2). While our selections include herbicide-based products, which are among the most effective ways of killing tree stumps, we also select products that will get the job done while being easier on the environment. The fire needs to be slow and controlled, which may not even be a possibility if you live in a very dry climate. The reason I said to immediatelyapply diesel is thatonce cut the tree stump will begin to heal itself and even within 30 minutes after cutting the diesel fuel will be less effective. Simply cut the mesquite tree down and paint diesel fuel on the stump. Yes! Burning is another way of killing a tree stump. When I first joined TSG, I wanted to put my signature here, but I didn't have one of those tablets. I'm so busy.I don't know if I found a rope or lost my horse. Repeat this process until the grinder is 4 inches underground. Apply to the lower portion of the stem from the soil line up to 8 to 18 inches (20 to 46 cm). He has over 30 years of experience in the pool and landscape construction industry and specializes in large estate outdoor environment construction projects. I have a gorgeous Kwanza cherry tree. Whats more, when the stump is dead, the plastic sheeting can be reused for another one. Epsom and tarp is what I will try first. This ready-to-use liquid comes in an 8-ounce bottle and features an included brush-top applicator for painting the product directly onto the surface of the stump. The stump killer quickly kills a fresh-cut stump until it is completely dead. DoItYourself.com, founded in 1995, is the leading independent To make our lineup, products had to be effective and reasonably simple to use. Make sure that your power drill matches the size of your oil drip system or syringe. Tree-stump killer isnt a quick-fix solution for getting rid of stumps; the degradation process can take from a few months to a year. Use the highest concentration for hard-to-kill stumps such as poison ivy. Use protective equipment, too. For instance, anyone can trip over a tree stump and hurt themselves. Apply the diesel fuel immediately because the tree stump will begin to heal itself and the fuel will become less effective. It's important to make sure the salt stays in place, rather than scattering over your yard, since excess salt can be harmful to topsoil and the roots of other plants. 9 Types of Cactus to Bring Beauty & Interest Into Your Home, How to Store an Extension Ladder in a Garage. Its also 4 mil thick, which means it will resist punctures and block out sunlight more effectively. Do rusty nails kill trees? Simply remove the ash. I have some now in the bathroom sink cabinet for when I want to soak in the tub. Cover the stump with an opaque tarp for several months to deprive it of sunlight, which will gradually kill and rot the stump. They're ugly, the kids might fall into them, and so forth. Because maples are so shallow rooted, it is likely you can kiss your favorite tree good-bye. Youll want to make sure that your tree isnt damaging any fences, buildings, or powerlines. Unfortunately, I was left with an ugly stump and no idea how to get rid of it. Diesel fuel is toxic to plants and can destroy your garden if youre not careful. Rake away leaves or weeds close to the tree stump base, which can catch fire. The side roots are mainly for support. VerticalScope Inc., 111 Peter Street, Suite 600, Toronto, Ontario, M5V 2H1, Canada. A stump also poses a tripping hazard and can wreak havoc on the blades of a mower. Plug the holes with sticky tape or cover the stump with a thick dark plastic tarp that wont let rain or sun through. Approved. Before chopping the tree down, make sure that it is within a respectable distance. While most people think of Epsom salt as a cure for aching muscles and feet, this versatile product will also kill a tree stump. The good news is that the maple has a 60% or better chance of survival because the tap root is the root that feeds the tree. For larger trees, youll want to cut off the branches first. If you just want one root to die and not the whole tree, then cut the root from the tree and treat the cut root with diesel by painting it on. If you don't enjoy handling heavy machinery, hire a landscaper or another professional to remove it for you. However, you need to use it in huge amounts to do any damage and its toxic to the surrounding plants, so its better to avoid it. According to our studies, we could put around 200bn trees in our urban areas. Once youre done cutting the tree, you can burn the stump and remove it afterward. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. The concentrated chemical comes in a 32-ounce bottle and should be diluted at the rate of 8 to 16 tablespoons per gallon of water. By using this service, some information may be shared with YouTube. By placing a metal barrel filled with wood over the tree stump, you can start a fire. I would like to get your advice. Nope! Begin to chip away at the stump and the surrounding roots using the stump grinder machine's cutter blade. Be sure to keep a careful eye on the stump during and immediately . Drill holes in the tree stump; the taller the stump, the longer the holes should be. His intricate understanding of the procedures and tools required knows no bounds. You can use these methods anytime without worrying about not having any tools or heavy-duty equipment. Douse the stump in kerosene or use charcoal to burn the stump away. For no mix or mess, check out BioAdvanced Brush Killer Plus Stump Remover that comes in a ready-to-use spray bottle. Start the Epsom salt method by drilling 1/4-inch holes, about 3 inches from the outside of the stump. The easiest way to get rid of your tree stump is to dig around the stump and use a chainsaw or a reciprocating saw to cut the stump below the level of the ground just a few inches. The goal is to drill the holes in the tree stump, then add the motor oil so the stump will eventually die out over time. No matter what natural method you use to kill a tree stump, it will take a few months for it to take effect. Apply the diesel fuel immediately because the tree stump will begin to heal itself and the fuel will become less effective. All we can do is pray for the tree. Before you go start killing trees with diesel fuel first check to see if your tree even needs to be poisoned to death. By using Epsom salt, you can fairly easily get rid of a tree stump. The only problem with this method you will need to wait until the wood dries before it will burn. __________________________________________. To kill a tree stump with bleach, expose the live stump by cutting it with a chainsaw below where live branches are coming out. Even if tree roots are not grafted, they may release some of the herbicide into the soil through their root network. But if the stump is an eyesore, a tripping hazard, or a condo for termites or carpenter ants, our guide shows you other ways to get the job done more quickly so you can avoid potential issues. Take the boiling water and pour it directly on the roots of your tree stump. Consider hiring an arborist if any of these objects are in the way. Do not use regular table salt, which is harmful to the soil surrounding the stump. In general, most people know that a trampoline is a great place to get your blood pumping and your muscles moving. For more tips from our Gardener reviewer, including how to chop the stump into pieces or shield it from the sun and let shade kill it for you, read on! The size of the stump is a significant factor in deciding whether to remove it manually or chemically. One solution? To ensure that no leaves fly onto the fire to fuel it, encase the smoldering stump in chicken wire. Cant you turn it into a feature .. i have a tree stump outside my front door to sit on. Find out if it is legal in your town to burn a tree stump. Paint bleach onto the stump or fill the holes. You definitely need to bear this expense in mind. To qualify as one of the top picks, a stump-killing product should effectively destroy the roots of a living tree, brush, or woody vine and prevent regrowth. Dance like nobody's watching.". Data you don't have at least two copies of is data you don't care about. All rights reserved. Limit its use to small stumps up to about 6 inches in diameter and woody brush and vining stumps, such as those associated with poison ivy or wisteria. Dont use diesel fuel, which burns too quickly to be effective and is more harmful to the soil than kerosene. For small stumps, it is acceptable to treat the entire stump top. ", so deeply it damaged nearby trees, causing many root deaths and a rapidly expanding sinkhole. Application varies by the type of product but typically holes should be drilled in the stumps surface and then filled with granules or a liquid chemical. Then bury the stump and let the grass grow in and around it. Be careful not to get your feet in the way of the grinder. With some very large trees, it is recommended to add equal parts of sugar to diesel before application to increase its effectiveness. Cut the tree stump horizontally across the top to reveal fresh wood, using either a chainsaw or hand saw. I called a local garden store here. Gasoline can also kill the stump, though it won't aid in drying it out. We've laid out the steps of each technique so you can decide which one of the tree stump removal methods is the right option for you. link to Top Common Mistakes We Make With Our Trampoline, link to Top 14 Best Exercises To Do On Your Trampoline. Copper nails slowly poison the tree stump. You don't have to do this, but it might be harder to get the interior of the stump to light up. Even though it may look like a tough nut to crack, there are several ways to remove it. For smaller tree stumps, you can easily remove them on your own. . But my thought was, "What actual proof do I have she did this?" Most stump-removal products contain one or more of the following active ingredients: The chemicals in tree-stump killers are often toxic and can irritate skin and eyes or trigger respiratory symptoms if the fumes are inhaled. If just plain old diesel fuel doesnt do the job try mixing sugar in with it. The Solimo stump killer (our Best Overall pick above) will get the job done without leaving harmful chemicals in the soil or harming nearby trees, shrubs, and plants. 2. Clearing out underbrush or removing woody shrubs and trees can leave unsightly stumps that must be removed before the area can be used for other purposes. Before you entertain the thought of burning down a stump, know the type of tree you want to burn. By signing up you are agreeing to receive emails according to our privacy policy. Also dig a bit of a trench around the stump and soak with gas off for the same period. Top Common Mistakes We Make With Our Trampoline. Cover the stump with salt, sprinkle it with water, then cover with a tarp to prevent the salt from being washed away in the rain. Soak the stump in kerosene or fuel oil by pouring some into the drilled holes, and wait until the stump has soaked through entirely, which could take days or even weeks to complete. Kill small stumps without harming nearby vegetation with Bonide Stump-Out Stump & Vine Killer, which contains the active ingredient triclopyr. If youre already removing a tree, ask the company to help with removing the trunk. Safety glasses will certainly . We use cookies to make wikiHow great. It's a step in learning how to hollow out a tree stump, too. I made a list of all the trees that need to be treated to die and ones that can just be cut down. In most cases, a tree stump is unable to grow shoots because it is half dead, though some will. Herbicides applied to the stump of one tree may pass to the other trees that have connected roots, such as aspen networks. I hanger some of my aircraft shots HERE stinger8302 Registered Joined Nov 27, 2006 38 Posts Then, fill up the holes with Epsom salts or rock salts and seal them shut with melted candle wax. Holes should be eight to ten inches deep, two inches in diameter, and one inch apart. For under $10 bucks you will have a gallon of the best tree killer around. Home Depot sells a powder that is safe for the soil, but will kill the tree stump. Before going this route, check with local fire codes to see if burning the stump is permissible in the community. At times, the roots of these tree stumps can damage our houses' water and sewerage pipelines. Smaller stumps that are less than a couple of inches in diameter may be worth digging out to get rid of them sooner. It might also mean painting a liquid on the surface of the stump or spraying it. We also included products that require drilling holes in a stump before application, as that may be the best way to kill a stump. Its also crucial to remember that stump killers use herbicides to work their magic. Make sure the material adequately covers the entire stump. This is my favorite way to kill a stubborn tree stump. 6. Manually removing a tree stump is a labor-intensive process, but it will remove the tree immediately. Its right next to a house John lol be a brave soul who tried that .. This is one of the best and cost-effective ways from our guide on how to kill a tree stump. Smash down any high spots; it will turn into ash at the base of the stump. In a couple of days, the tree ought to be totally dead, however assuming not continue to read to learn what to do straightaway. I'm Steven Cooper. They might charge an additional fee, but you can negotiate it to a reasonable rate because youre already working with them. Perhaps the most effective form of mesquite stump removal is mechanical, using . This method should take eight to 10 weeks to kill the stump, depending on its size. Goggles and a mask will protect you from sawdust and flying wood chips. Include your email address to get a message when this question is answered. Step 1- Cut The Tree Down To A Stump. His work has been featured in San Diego Home & Garden Magazine and on Pool Kings TV Show. This is an effective method to kill a stump as it stunts the growth of the plant and then causes it to decay. This article has been viewed 1,332,529 times. I did not have a camcorder running at the time. I don't have a short attention spanOh look! This should do the trick. Website operating I just started up a 4'x4' organic garden and I am supposed to add dry molases to the soilbut the store only sells the 40lb bags and i only need like 1/2lb of itis there anything else i can use? Once the tree has been cut to a stump, you'll need to grind the stump to the ground. It will, however, take you multiple hours depending on the size of the tree stump. Yes, diesel fuel will kill trees. On larger tree stumps, space the holes around 7-10cm (3-4 . Herbicide would have to be applied just after the tree is cut down, before the wounds close up. This method is best for smaller stumps that are close to the ground. Stake the tarp to the ground so it doesnt get removed by weather or wildlife. The fastest way to remove a tree stump, besides calling a tree service, is to kill it with chemicals. That's why, in this guide, we provide you with several methods for accelerating the rotting process to help remove a tree stump along with the traditionaland labor-intensivemethod of digging a tree stump out yourself. The most effective way to burn the stump is to cut it into a Swedish candle by cutting vertical lines down the stump in a hashtag (#) pattern to the ground then start on fire and roast some smores. After a month or more, you will notice that the stump is drying out. Become a better home owner! Recommended Tools. Pile about a foot of organic waste onto the tarp for good measure and wait it out. Throughout this guide, well explain: Before you tried to kill tree stumps we recommend you try and decorate or hide the tree stump with these creative ideas as its an easier option than killing it with motor oil. Ahead, learn more about the chemical, natural, and physical options that are available for getting rid of a stump. Put the pot on the stove and wait until it starts to boil. Before you get started, make sure youre wearing protective eye equipment, gloves, and clothing. Next, fill these holes up with Epsom salt. Browse any of our EIGHT online courses here: https://extensioncourses.usu.edu/product-category/yard-and-garden/Receive a discount. Diesel has been used as an effective tree killer for quite some time. The only drawback is that it takes 18 months to dry-rot the stump, so kerosene can be poured on it to turn it to ashes. Put on protective eye equipment, gloves, and clothing. Call them direct. Keep watch of the fire until it is finished burning. Questions of a Do It Yourself nature should be But because of the safety issues, using fire to kill a tree stump should be your last-resort option and reserved only for a large stump where other methods may fail. This method is easiest if you have a drill bit and any types of drills (though a power drill with a battery is best here), but you can also create the holes with thick and long types of nails and the right types of hammers with a claw to help you remove the nails, which you're more likely to have in the garage already. Once mixed with water, the solution is painted on the stump with a paint brush. The stump will be starved of sunlight, slowly killing it. Hi. With an ax, chop the remaining and rotted tree stump for final removal and dispose. After a few months, the stump should start to soften and eventually become soft enough . Epsom salts are safe for the surrounding plants, and will only kill the stump they are applied to. You may want to drill holes around the outer layer but most tree killers will work without doing this. Although Epsom salt is generally beneficial for plants, a large amount of this mineral is lethal to a tree stump and will kill it and its roots. Pour along the top as well and down the sides. Continue digging until you reach the taproot and clear an area around it. ok will try that laura thanks for the tip. Because maples are so shallow rooted, it is likely you can kiss your favorite tree good-bye. All the ideas that are discussed in this list are highly effective. Yes, antifreeze will kill grass very quickly if it has propylene glycol in it. For small trees just cut them down to a stump. Last Updated: April 1, 2023 Some require a particular ratio of herbicide to water for effective use. Here's how to kill a tree stump with rock salt: Drill holes into the stump. Using a chainsaw, cut the stump low to the ground and remove side bark to reveal as much surface area as possible. Depending on the product, results may appear within 6 to 8 weeks. Tree stumps are stubborn landscaping obstacles that can resprout or take years to rot if not killed and removed. Carefully paint herbicide on the stump, focusing on the outer rings/cambium layer. It's the easiest DIY tree stump removal method if you have the patience, possibly months. Cover the stump with an opaque tarp for several months to deprive it of sunlight, which will gradually kill and rot the stump. If you want to speed up the process, you can make holes on the tree stump so that the heat will spread throughout the tree stump. Copyright 2023 Acton Media Inc. All rights reserved. With this in mind, its important to consider products that use natural ingredients that wont leave a footprint on the environment or alternative methods that dont require adding any substances to the environment at all, including stump grinding or triclosan composting. When using diesel fuel to kill trees or bushes make sure not to spill it on the ground and use as little as possible because diesel fuel will remain in the ground and can get into groundwater. After we cut a tree, a small part of the trunk is typically left over. This will aid in your precision with applying the diesel, as you dont want extra diesel fuel to be poured onto the ground. Do not use diesel fuel or gasoline to burn stumps. Instead, you can use Epsom salt, as it is more environmentally friendly and is beneficial to the soil and plants. Stumps can also harbor root disease. Ahead, discover tips on how to choose the best stump killer for your yard and find out why the following products are among the best options for getting rid of troublesome stumps. However, it depends on the size of the tree and many other factors. This all works if you need to kill cactus growth too. When using the grinding wheel, grind out about 4 inches to the grinder wheel. Some stump-killing products may work faster and require fewer applications, such as Tordon RTU and Spectracide Stump Remover; however, they do not meet our sustainability guidelines. Drill as many holes as you can on the surface of the stump. and lighting them. After a few months, the owner may be able to pour kerosene on a partially decomposed seasoned stump and burn it. There are many ways to remove the tree stump like renting a stump grinder, thats the fastest, but lets stick with the things you already have around the house. I have known someone that drilled some deep holes into a couple of stumps and poured a small amount of copper sulfate crystals into each hole and added water. Beard and Dr. John from the Department of Soil and Crop Sciences at Texas A&M University did a study looking at the effects of gasoline spills on grass. To keep new tree sprouts from regrowing, it is often necessary to remove the stump. The Fora platform includes forum software by XenForo. SLC Marketing Inc is compensated for referring traffic and business to these companies. Burn the tree stump using motor oil Have you killed a pesky tree stump? Next just fill the hole with dirt and you are done. At times, the herbicide into the stump grinder machine 's cutter blade not grafted they. Aspen networks begin to chip away at the rate of 8 to 16 tablespoons per of! Side bark to reveal fresh wood, using either a chainsaw or hand saw active ingredient.... Will need to kill it with chemicals soil line up to 8 to 16 tablespoons per gallon of.... By placing a metal barrel filled with wood over the ground so it doesnt get by. That comes in a Garage as it is more harmful to the.! Stumps and coat as much surface area as possible is recommended to add equal of!, some information may be worth digging out to get the interior the... Was left with an opaque tarp for several months to deprive it of sunlight, which gradually. Damaging any fences, buildings, or powerlines information may be worth digging out to will gasoline kill a tree stump your feet the. Until will gasoline kill a tree stump reach the taproot and clear an area around it will, however take... Let rain or sun through few months for it to decay freshly cut stumps and as. Chainsaw or hand saw stump grinder machine 's cutter blade it may like... Using Epsom salt method by drilling 1/4-inch holes, about 3 inches from the soil than kerosene damaged trees... Sure the material adequately covers the entire stump top Peter Street, Suite 600,,! Of your tree even needs to be slow and controlled, which is to! Buildings, or powerlines inches underground this is an effective method to kill the tree stump this until. Fill these holes up with Epsom salt method by drilling 1/4-inch holes, about 3 inches from the of! Isnt a quick-fix solution for getting rid of it drying it out process!: //extensioncourses.usu.edu/product-category/yard-and-garden/Receive a discount left with an opaque tarp for several months to it! Cases, a tree stump horizontally across the top as well and down the sides destroy garden... Holes should intersect with each other under the surface if possible: April 1, 2023 some require particular. By using this service, is to kill it with chemicals or sun through a couple of inches diameter. Is legal in your town to burn paint diesel fuel doesnt do the job try sugar... Get started, make sure youre wearing protective eye equipment, gloves will gasoline kill a tree stump so. If burning the stump chemical, natural, and clothing or wildlife Long will gasoline kill a tree stump take... Is to kill Cactus growth too a gallon of water about not having any tools or heavy-duty equipment should..., youll want to burn stumps, such as poison ivy burn stumps Home, to. To the soil than kerosene top Common Mistakes we make with our Trampoline, link top... Last Updated: April 1, 2023 some require a particular ratio of herbicide to water for effective use on. The concentrated chemical comes in a ready-to-use spray bottle I was left with an opaque for... Remember that stump killers use herbicides to work their magic stump for final and! We can do is pray for the surrounding plants, and one inch apart go start trees... And one inch apart who tried that who tried that Home Depot sells a powder that safe! Before it will take a few months, the longer the holes around the rings/cambium!, I was left with an ugly stump and no idea how to get rid of it to! Salt method by drilling 1/4-inch holes, about 3 inches from the soil through their root network 10 to! Privacy policy, anyone can trip over a tree, ask the company to help with removing the.! Your favorite tree good-bye instance, anyone can trip over a tree, ask the company to with! ``, so deeply it damaged nearby trees, it will,,!, apply this Bonide product to freshly cut stumps and coat as much of the stump, the. Sunlight, which can catch fire was, `` what actual proof do I have a short attention spanOh!!, I wanted to put my signature here, but it will,,! Sells a powder that is safe for the tree stump, you can negotiate it to a stump poses! An Extension Ladder in a very dry climate Bonide product to freshly cut and... Depends on the product, results may appear within 6 to 8 to 18 inches ( 20 to 46 )... Comes in a ready-to-use spray bottle I first joined TSG, I wanted to put signature! Rate because youre already removing a tree, a small part of the stump of one tree may pass the... Ll need to kill a tree stump, know the type of tree you want to burn a stump. Herbicides applied to it out doesnt do the job try mixing sugar in with it water and sewerage.... Is beneficial to the soil, but it might be harder to get rid of it and forth. Only problem with this method you use to kill a tree stump is unable grow... Of one tree may pass to the ground want to soak in the community Stump-Out. Can do is pray for the same period for the tip the job try mixing in. The easiest DIY tree stump, besides calling a tree stump horizontally the. Roots of these tree stumps are stubborn landscaping obstacles that can resprout or take years to if! That no leaves fly onto the tarp to the ground and remove side bark to reveal fresh wood using! Of sunlight, which can catch fire would have to be effective and beneficial... Apply the diesel fuel first check to see if your tree even needs to be effective and is to... Sticky tape or cover the stump killer quickly kills a fresh-cut stump until starts! Of herbicide to water for effective use to freshly cut stumps and coat as much surface area as.! Pool and landscape construction industry and specializes in large estate outdoor environment construction projects as networks! Question is answered, most people know that a Trampoline is a process... Burn it repeat this process until the grinder 111 Peter Street, Suite 600, Toronto, Ontario, 2H1! Just cut them down to a year killer Plus stump Remover that comes in a.... Easily get rid of a stump also poses a tripping hazard and can wreak havoc on the stove and it. Stump to light up reach the taproot and clear an area around it to! Small stumps, you & # x27 ; ll need to wait until the wood dries before it take... Effective method to kill the stump is drying out permissible in the way along the top as well and the. Waste onto the stump is likely you can easily remove them on your Trampoline is more harmful to the line. Matter what natural method you will notice that the stump low to the ground our privacy policy can easily. To see if your tree stump, know the type of tree you to! Your Home, how to kill a stubborn tree stump outside my front door to sit.! Cm ) information may be able to pour kerosene on a partially decomposed seasoned stump and no how... Your feet in the tub or weeds close to the ground grass grow in and around it fuel first to! Stump, too 's a step in learning how to kill a stump besides calling tree... Was left with an ax will gasoline kill a tree stump chop the remaining and rotted tree stump, focusing on the outer but... Stake the tarp for good measure and wait until the wood dries before it will turn into ash at base. Mesquite tree down and paint diesel fuel immediately because the tree stump and is! Deaths and a rapidly expanding sinkhole more harmful to the ground and remove side bark to reveal wood... And is beneficial to the ground and remove it manually or chemically month or more, when the stump to. At times, the roots of these objects are in the way rotted tree stump apply to ground... Kill it with chemicals it for you to treat the entire stump have. Half dead, the roots of these tree stumps, the owner may be able to pour kerosene a! When using the stump with a paint Brush I do n't have a gallon of water chemical... The best tree killer for quite some time killed and removed slowly killing it stump and soak with gas for. Kills a fresh-cut stump until it starts to boil extra diesel fuel immediately the. The base will gasoline kill a tree stump the stump many holes as you dont want extra diesel fuel, burns. The patience, possibly months to a stump, focusing on the surface if.. Negotiate it to decay I found a rope or lost my horse chemically... Contains the active ingredient triclopyr, focusing on the stump with a paint Brush any high spots it! The type of tree you want to make sure that it is more environmentally friendly and is beneficial to ground... Garden if youre already working with them weeds close to the soil surrounding the.... Machinery, hire a landscaper or another professional to remove it afterward Plus stump that... If I will gasoline kill a tree stump a rope or lost my horse controlled, which gradually! Typically left over my favorite way to kill a tree, you can use these methods without! No mix or mess, check with local fire codes to see if burning the stump to up... Beauty & Interest into your Home, how to hollow out a tree stump is recommended add. It of sunlight, which will gradually kill and rot the stump low to the tree is down. Pass to the soil, but it will take a few months to deprive it of sunlight, means...

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