Drug Abuse: Drug abuse refers to the non-medical use or application of drugs, alcohol, cocaine, heroin, amphetamines, sedative and tranquillisers. The survey excluded the use of tobacco and alcohol. "Drug abuse, of course, has been linked to a lot of crimes like shoplifting, sex work, burglary, theft etc. Drug abuse is a term used commonly when prescription medication with sedative, anxiolytic, analgesic, or stimulant properties are used for mood alteration or intoxication ignoring the fact that overdose of such medicines have serious adverse effects. Taken on its own, tramadol is rarely fatal, but when it is mixed with other drugs, it can become a sedative powerful enough to stop the heart. Kolawole1, E.O. Inhalants and solvents sometimes referred to as a volatile substance quentin.chukwu@unn.edu.ng. You can get products like vibrators that will help jazz up your sex life. In Nigeria the most common illegal drug used is cannabis and is found in urban and rural areas. The NDLEA chief cautioned the citizens against the use of sedatives maintaining that it could endanger their well-being. Anxiolytics or sedative drugs should reduce anxi-ety with little or no effect on mental or motor function. There are drugs which improve all diverse aspects of sex including; increasing or suppressing sexual desires, improving sexual performance, improve pleasure, conception and fertility, gestation and . Peer review This is an interesting survey of sedation practice for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in Nigeria. In Nigeria leaves extract of S. campanulata has a reputation of being used as an anticonvulsant. Thus the drug epidemic is gradually eroding the manpower base and the future of Nigeria . Nigerian Man Held With Drugs In Underwear At Indian Airport The Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) had intercepted the passenger, a Nigerian national, based on 'behaviour detection . Solvent - Cold patch & solution or various types. (Bignoniaceae) is a very common plant in Bangladesh which is locally called "Rudrapalash". It may be found in a variety of formulas for the treatment of acute and chronic insomnia. Aspirins are used to treat severe headaches (such as migraine), dysmenorrhoea (menstrual pain), rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and many other causes of pain. Research carried out before 2008 was not selected. OPIOIDS Opioids such as tramadol, morphine, pentazocine and codeine are originally prescription-only painkillers but people abuse them as sleeping pills because they are also sedative. Anxiolytics or sedative drugs should reduce anxi-ety with little or no effect on mental or motor function. Syrups - Both codeine and non-codeine based cough syrup, Cloud 9 syrup. Sedatives, heroin, cocaine and the non-medical use of . Drugs.com provides accurate and independent information on more than 24,000 prescription drugs, over-the-counter medicines and natural products. Samsung conglomerate chief Jay Y. Lee admitted in court on Tuesday to unlawful use of a controlled substance, as the executive's legal troubles continued despite his release on parole in August . Illicit drug trafficking is globally identified as a threat to national security, especially in Nigeria. Pharmacists have said that more young Nigerians are abusing sedatives, analgesics and other hard drugs. When used appropriately, it can act as a mild sedative, pain reliever and cough suppressant. Males are more likely to have become users of these drugs, but the male-female difference is least pronounced for non-prescription use of sedatives: an estimated 16% of males had become non-prescription users of sedative drugs; the corresponding estimate for females in Nigeria is 11-12%. This paper reviews the available literature on the epidemiology of drug abuse in Nigeria. Buprenorphine Buprenorphine: Dose: 0.02 mg/kg. Self-medication as more deadly a result of poor education, poverty among other reasons leads many to drug abuse addiction especially in Nigeria. The choice of sedatives generally consists of benzodiazepines (midazolam or diazepam) used either alone or in combination with an opiate. Marijuana was introduced to Nigeria by soldiers returning from Second World War (Odejide, 2009). Very unlikely to cause vomiting. Furthermore, the social impact of drug dependence include loss of job, loss of ones sense . Slow onset of action - give at least 30 min before sedation . This material is provided for educational purposes only and is not intended for medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. For the purpose of this study, an . 3.3 sampling procedure . Drug abuse refers to the non-medical use or application of drugs, alcohol, cocaine, heroin, amphetamines, sedative and tranquillisers. Because of the presence of codeine in cough syrups, . T he . MDMA is a synthetic "designer" drug that acts as both a stimulant and a psychedelic substance. The sedative is usually administered either via an injection into the vein or drugs and produces relaxation and light sleep. It is also the use of drug when not medically prescribed or when used against legal prohibition and this cause harm to the user (Gupter 1976:23). Other drugs used include cocaine, heroin, amphetamine-type stimulants and substances such as benzodiazepines (drugs that produce sedation and relaxing of muscles). It contains toxic anticholinergic alkaloids atropine, scopolamine and hyosciamine [7]. 18th May 2017. . Promethazine is NOT an over the counter drugs in Nigeria. TRAZODONE. Nigeria & the Drugs War Axel Klein Over the past five years the Nigerian government has taken dramatic steps . This paper reviews the available literature on the epidemiology of drug abuse in Nigeria. In July he denied two counts of drug driving . In Nigeria, unemployment is one of the causative spectrums that lead many youths to turn out to become notorious drug addicts in Nigeria. The females tended to receive more prescriptions for analgesics and sedatives than the males. This review is, however, limited to studies on substances which alter behaviour or mood. University of Nigeria, Nsukka. From your perspective, describe challenge of drug abuse in the country? Nigeria news - Nigeria's breaking news website . Cocaineis a stimulant derived from the leaves of the coca bush. Sedation is the reduction of irritability or agitation by administration of a drug (sedative). This scourge affects the entire breadth of the country, but the spate of drug use in Nigeria's North is causing serious concerns. [4] Most endoscopists in Nigeria favor midazolam because of its fast onset of action, short duration of action, and high amnesic properties, as shown in a survey conducted by Nwokediuko and Obienu. , methanol leaf extract, mice, sedative-hypnotic activity. Aspirins such as Alabukun and Phensic , ibuprofen, diclofenac, piroxicam (feldene), indometacin etc are widely abused by Nigerians. Senator Adeleke died of excessive sedative, banned drugs - Pathologist. Colorado, Refnol, Tramadol, Codeine & names of other commonly abused drugs in Nigeria and their side effects. In 2018, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) conducted a national survey in the country stating that in 2017, 10.6 million people abuse cannabis, 4.6 million Nigerians abuse opioids, 2.4 million abuse cough syrup containing codeine, 2.4 million people abuse sedatives ad tranquilizers, 481,000 people abuse . Depressants(sedatives) are drugs that reduce tension and anxiety and include chloral hydrate, barbiturates (Amytal, Nembutal, Seconal, phenobarbital), benzodiazepines (Librium, Valium), methaqualone (Quaalude), glutethimide (Doriden), and others (Equanil, Placidyl, Valmid). The substance is proved to have similar pharmacological effects as cocaine and heroin, though to a lesser degree. However, abuse of hard drugs is rampant among students in tertiary and secondary school in Nigeria.Odejide (1989:17) observed that drug abuse presents broad-spectrum of problems which affect the individual, his immediate family, and the society at large. The degree of sedation of the patient was noted at times T 0 (4 min before administration of midazolam), T 8 (4 min after administration of midazolam), and T 12 (8 min after study drug administration), time of awakening as well as during the postoperative assessment 4 h after discharge from the recovery room. Haladu 3 also identified common factors motivating students to start drug use, including experimental curiosity, peer influence, lack of parental supervision, personality problems . Articles pub lished between 2008 and 2018 were selected. What is Sedation Dentistry Oral sedation dentistry involves the administration of sedative drugs via an oral route, generally to facilitate a dental procedure and reduce a patient's […] 3.5 validity of the instrument. Apart from narcotics, the Lagos State Chairman of the Association of . said the politician died of drug overdose and not food poisoning. Quite a large number of people have a long history of mixing drugs with sex. Browse through drugs online shop to get your drugs and other healthcare products on Jumia. About 15% of primary care attendees used over-the-counter sedatives, with many becoming long-term users; use of these drugs may be more common among females than for other drugs (Gureje and Obikoya, 1990).Very little is known about occurrence of drug dependence in Nigeria, and no previous studies assessed a broad range of drugs with a large and . Dose: Tea, 1 cup 3 x daily; Tincture, 30-60 drops 3-4 x daily. the prevalence of drug use in Nigeria on a geopolitical . Exclusion criteria were mental retardation, and use of sedative drugs. Introduction. A questionnaire was used to collect data on social and demographic variables, epilepsy- related variables and sleep disturbances in PWE. Cannabis, popularly known as marijuana is one of the drugs commonly abused in Nigeria especially the adolescents. Sold under the brand names Sonata among others, is a sedative-hypnotic, used to treat insomnia. While the patients usually wake up within an hour after the procedure, the sedative usually lasts for quite a while and the patient might still be feeling it the following day. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), its effects mimic a combination of amphetamine and the hallucinogen mescaline. Prosecutors also said the former pen salesman was found to have 632 micrograms of diazepam in his system — the chemical name for sedative Valium. At Tryon Family Dentistry, we understand that our patients may be fearful of going to the dentist because they fear any pain or discomfort associated with dental treatment. Latest Jobs in Nigeria (Graduates/Non . Crypto trading thrives in Nigeria despite official disapproval. In Nigeria in particular, the menace was not confined to a particular sex or age, it is found among top professionals, high class executives, musicians, truck drivers as well as sport men and women. Nigeria & the Drugs War Axel Klein Over the past five years the Nigerian government has taken dramatic steps . principally cannabis, heroin and cocaine but also amphetamine-type drugs, sedative hypnotic agents and hallucinogen) though voluminous and wide-ranging, is tightly Abstract. Some antidepressant drugs, such as trazodone (Desyrel), are very good at treating sleeplessness and anxiety. There is, however, need for concern about the use of sedatives since these drugs are, to a large extent, imported both legally and illegally. Peer review This is an interesting survey of sedation practice for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in Nigeria. This review is, however, limited to studies on substances which alter behaviour or mood. , methanol leaf extract, mice, sedative-hypnotic activity. Although . Commonly abused drugs include cannabis, cocaine, amphetamine, heroin, diazepam, codeine, cough syrup and tramadol. Sedation is the reduction of irritability or agitation by administration of a drug (sedative). The results showed that COEO significantly reduced mice locomotor activity and the most efficient concentrations were 0.04 and 0.00004 mg/cage (volume of the cage 61.2L). These effects may be mild or serious. In Nigeria, common drugs of use were categorised by Haladu 3 as social drugs, stimulants hallucinogens, narcotics sedatives, tranquilisers and miscellaneous solvents. Bukola Adebayo. Cannabis, popularly known as marijuana is one of the drugs commonly abused in Nigeria especially the adolescents. Most of these agents' cause dose-dependent depres-sion of the central nervous system (CNS), leading to sleep-inducing effects (hypnosis) and possibly anes-thesia [1]. The most commonly abused drugs in Nigeria are; Marijuana - Also called weed, ganja, Mary Jane, and a vast number of other slang terms. Marijuana was introduced to Nigeria by soldiers returning from Second World War (Odejide, 2009). Most of these agents' cause dose-dependent depres-sion of the central nervous system (CNS), leading to sleep-inducing effects (hypnosis) and possibly anes-thesia [1]. What Is Lean? Marwa disclosed this in Offa, Kwara State during the 3rd Annual Colloquium of Galaxy Clique. Tramadol - 50mg, 100mg and 200 mg. Spathodea campanulata P. Beauv. Codeine is classified as narcotics with high potential for addiction. 3.1 research design . Articles published between 2008 and 2018 were selected. pain killer and sedative, and is less toxic. . One Mr. Nonso Ekwealor, a Nigerian national has been arrested for possessing N206,062.67 worth of drugs in India. There is some argument among researchers whether MDMA is a stimulant drug with hallucinogen properties or a drug that should be placed in a class of its own. as well as those who administered the drug. He added that excessive use of drugs leads to abuse, identifying cannabis sativa as the most abused drug in Nigeria, pointing out that it was imported into the country by soldiers who fought in the. 10. Again, the National Drug Law Enforcement Agency (NDLEA) has also expressed concern over the increasing level of drug abuse and drug trafficking among Nigerian youths. This paper reviews the available literature on the epidemiology of drug abuse in Nigeria. Ademowo3 1Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria 08054550259. The NDLEA chief cautioned the. Of the sample 29.5% had used a prescription drug during the week prior to the interview. A number of studies conducted to test for the anxiolytic and sedative activity of medicinal plants in Nigeria were included. Depressants (sedatives) are drugs that reduce tension and anxiety and include chloral hydrate, barbiturates (Amytal, Nembutal, Seconal, phenobarbital), benzodiazepines (Librium, Valium), methaqualone (Quaalude), glutethimide (Doriden), and others (Equanil, Placidyl, Valmid). Use in combination with acepromazine for synergism of sedative effect. However, the use of codeine in Nigeria, particularly in the North . The Central Industrial Security Force chapter three: research methodology. (Purple Drank) Lean — also known as purple drank, purple lean, sizzurp, dirty sprite, and lean drink—is a made of combination of prescription-strength cough medicine, soft drinks, and hard, fruit-flavored candy. drug abuse among secondary school students Cannabis is the most abused drug reported in various studies done in Nigeria. a Other drugs includes: cannabis, cocaine, non-prescription use of sedatives or stimulants, and other drugs. It is also the use of drug when not medically prescribed or when used against legal prohibition and this cause harm to the user (Gupter 1976:23). euphoria and sedation. Depending on the definition used, substances which are abused include antibiotics, antidiarrhoeals, laxatives, pain-relieving drugs, sedatives, amphetamines and cannabis. A "psychoactive drug" or "psychotropic substance" is a Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M.King & H.Rob. Other substances said to have been commonly taken in Nigeria include tranquilisers and sedatives, solvents and inhalers, among others. 6. including Nigeria, Bangladesh, India, and South America. 2.2 the causes of drug abuses in nigeria. Males are more likely to have become users of these drugs, but the male-female difference is least pronounced for non-prescription use of sedatives: an estimated 16% of males had become non-prescription users of sedative drugs; the corresponding estimate for females in Nigeria is 11-12%. sedative and analgesic which caused the vital senses centre in the brain to . 1,2 The prescription cough syrups used to make lean drink present the most danger because they often contain codeine, an opioid drug. . drug abuse among secondary school students Table 1 shows that the major prescription drugs used by both sexes were antibiotics, anti-malarials, cold remedies and analgesics in that order. 1.1.1 TYPES OF DRUG ABUSE In Nigeria, the most common types of abused drugs according to NAFDAC (2000) as cited by Haladu (2003) are categorized as . Cocaine is a stimulant derived from the leaves of the coca bush. Depending on the definition used, substances which are abused include antibiotics, antidiarrhoeals, laxatives, pain-relieving drugs, sedatives, amphetamines and cannabis. principally cannabis, heroin and cocaine but also amphetamine-type drugs, sedative hypnotic agents and hallucinogen) though voluminous and wide-ranging, is tightly It is an excellent sedative with no side effects even when used in large doses. . Wakeel1*, S. Umukoro2, O.T. Materials and methods: This was a multi-center, cross-sectional study of 124 PWE in Nigeria. Drugs have different effect on the body. stimulants as (ATS) and other sedative and stimulant drugs, (Brown, and Kreft,1998). Introduction. 3.4 sample size. Because of the presence of codeine in cough syrups, . 2.1 the issue of drug abuse in nigeria. The benzodiazepines that are used as sleep aids have more hypnotic-sedative effects and include: estazolam (ProSom), flurazepam (Dalmane), quazepam (Doral), temazepam (Restoril), and triazolam. . was given an overdose of sedative and analgesic medicines. In case you don't know, •Marijuana Nigeria Health Blog is a research-based health site that specializes in Science-Backed facts about diseases and treatments, cost of surgeries, In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) and anatomy of the Human . WILD LETTUCE (LACTUCA VIROSA): Wild lettuce is a mild sedative and nervine used for restlessness and insomnia. Vomiting common shortly after administration. In contrast, the importation of amphetamines and narcotics into Nigeria is prohibited except through the Federal Ministry of Health. He added that excessive of use of drugs leads to abuse, identifying cannabis sativa as the most abused drug in Nigeria that was imported after the second world war. Sedatives, heroin, cocaine and non-medical use of prescription opioids were also noted. It showed the highest levels of drug use was recorded among people aged between 25 to 39, with cannabis being the most widely used drug. A prevalence of 20-40% and 20.9% of drug abuse was reported among students and youths, respectively. a sedative used in anaesthesia - 41 times from 2015 through 2020. . They are also very addictive and can cause severe withdrawal symptoms if stopped. He added that excessive use of drugs leads to abuse, identifying Cannabis Sativa as the most abused drug in Nigeria, pointing out that it was imported into the country by soldiers who fought in the second world war. In an interview with THISDAY, Olarewaju Ipinmisho, former DG of . Dose: 0.2-1.0 mg/kg (for premedication/sedation: up to 1 mg/kg is an acceptable dose). The studies were conducted in Nigeria. As a result, they have turned to all sorts of mood-enhancing substances, proven to alter one's sex life in some ways. 2.3 effects of drug abuse in nigeria . Depending on the definition used, substances which are abused include antibiotics, antidiarrhoeals, laxatives, pain-relieving drugs, sedatives, amphetamines and cannabis. trol over use of the drug; for alcohol, the least common feature was tolerance, and for . . Nigeria Email: wakeelolayemi@yahoo.com QR Code for Mobile users Key Anticonvulsant and Sedative Activities of Extracts of Erythrophleum Ivorense Stem Bark in Mice O.K. The Chairman of the National Drug Law Enforcement Agency (NDLEA), Major-General Buba Marwa (rtd), on Sunday, said the agency has confiscated N60bn worth of hard drugs in the last two months of its operation. Nigerian soldiers who had served in Burma, India, came back with seeds of the cannabis sativa plant. A number of studies conducted to test f or the anxiolytic and sedative activity of medicinal p lants in Nigeria wer e included. The origin of Nigeria's drugs trafficking problem can be traced to the period just after the Second World War. 1-4 Another active ingredient in . This review is, however, limited to studies on substances which alter behaviour or mood. All publications with authorship outside Nigeria were excluded. 3.6 reliability of the instrument . essential oil (COEO) was investigated for its sedative activity in mice. The online drugstore products kill all bacteria in your home and body to keep you free from germs and infections inside and outside of the body, including bad odour. . In this connection, the aim of this study was to investigate other neuropharmacological effects like sedative and anxiolytic activities of methanol extract of S . Data sources include IBM Watson Micromedex (updated 6 Dec 2021), Cerner Multum™ (updated 1 Jan 2022), ASHP (updated 13 Dec 2021 . pain killer and sedative, and is less toxic. 3.7 method of data collection D. stramonium is used as a mydriatic agent, as a sedative for the management of insomnia, an anodyne [6] and the seeds have long been used as drug of abuse by the young people for hallucination purpose. 3.2 population of the study . There is the problem of unbridled unemployment in Nigeria. widely used drug. Levels of Sedation For both adults and children, there is a continuum of levels of sedation. These have been clearly described by the American Society of Anesthesiologists.3 Minimal Sedation (anxiolysis) is a drug-induced state during which patients respond normally to verbal commands. ZALEPLON. 9. Awe1, O.G. The drug may cause you to feel sleepy the following day. Pharmacists in Nigeria have been lobbying for years to. Sun, 26 Dec 2021 23:50:24 GMT.
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